农村建设用地置换工作中存在问题及对策

建设用地置换可提高土地集约节约利用水平,解决城镇发展用地难问题,但不少地方置换工作起步迟,操作起来有许多需要完善地方,对其中的热点问题还需要进行沉着思考,冷静处理,以引导建设用地置换工作更好更快开展。     

外国直接投资的贸易效应:文献述评

本文对有关FDI的贸易效应的理论和实证研究文献进行了梳理和评论，发现了前人研究存在的若干缺陷，提出了需要进一步研究的重点问题和思路。     

什么决定了基金经理的更换

本文从实证角度分析了中国封闭式基金经理更换事件，通过将基金经理更换事件细分为升职、降职、正常调整和个人原因等四类子事件，分别考察了基金业绩与基金经理更换（降职或升职）之间的关系，并分析了作为投资者情绪代表性指标的基金折价率变化与基金经理更换之间的关系。研究发现，基金公司在更换业绩差的基金经理方面具有良好的内部治理机制，三种不同的业绩度量指标均能有效预测基金经理更换（降职）事件，但是无法预测基金经理升职事件。同时发现，基金折价率和折价变化无法解释基金经理更换事件。本文还发现，基金经理更换决策中的业绩评价周期偏短，且基金经理更换，特别是业绩差的基金经理被降职并不能完全改善基金业绩。     

A Canadian cost-effectiveness analysis of transcatheter mitral valve repair with the MitraClip system in high surgical risk patients with significant mitral regurgitation

Objective:

In patients with significant mitral regurgitation (MR) at high risk of mortality and morbidity from mitral valve surgery, transcatheter mitral valve repair with the MitraClip System is associated with a reduction in MR and improved quality-of-life and functional status compared with baseline. The objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of MitraClip therapy compared with standard of care in patients with significant MR at high risk for mitral valve surgery from a Canadian payer perspective.

Methods:

A decision analytic model was developed to estimate the lifetime costs, life years, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost per life year and QALY gained for patients receiving MitraClip therapy compared with standard of care. Treatment-specific overall survival, risk of clinical events, quality-of-life, and resource utilization were obtained from the Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge REpair High Risk Study (EVEREST II HRS). Health utility and unit costs (CAD $2013) were taken from the published literature. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the impact of alternative assumptions and parameter uncertainty on results.

Results:

The base case incremental cost per QALY gained was $23,433. Results were most sensitive to alternative assumptions regarding overall survival, time horizon, and risk of hospitalization for congestive heart failure (CHF). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed MitraClip therapy to have a 92% chance of being cost-effective compared with standard of care at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000 per QALY gained.

Study limitations:

Key limitations include the small number of patients included in the EVEREST II HRS which informed the analysis, the limited data available to inform clinical events and disease progression in the concurrent comparator group, and the lack of a comparator group from a randomized control trial.

Conclusion:

MitraClip therapy is likely a cost-effective option for the treatment of patients at high risk for mitral valve surgery with significant MR.     

洞庭湖的演化与生态

洞庭湖会消亡，三峡水库运行只能延长其寿命，是目前的主导认识。根据构造沉降和泥沙淤积的相对关系，近100年来洞庭湖的演化经历了下荆江裁弯前后的萎缩和基本保持不变两个阶段；三峡水库蓄水135m高程标志着进入湖的扩大阶段；洞庭湖湿地生态系统受洞庭湖演化、“泥沙淤积搬家”和三峡水库年内下泄量变化等三个主要因素的影响，在其综合作用下，湿地生态系统由顺向演替转化为逆向演替。如此，三峡水库运行将使洞庭湖的生态问题出现一系列新的变化，将成为湖区可持续发展等同于防洪的重大问题。     

矿产品消费及其资源保障

矿产品是人类取得物质和能量的主要来源。能 (量资 )源比物质资源更重要。能源矿产品的用途既可以是能源 ,也可能是物质资源 (有机化工原料 )。物质资源消费趋势是单耗和总耗都趋于降低。能源的生产消费应追求单耗降低而总耗稳定 ;生活消费在中国当前则应是单耗和总耗都合理稳步上升。调剂地区之间能源余缺应以直接输能 (电 )为主 ,运输能源物质为辅 ,因此应提高电在能源终端消费中的比重。不同能源替代余地大 ,短缺表现为总量短缺 ,国家宏观调控能发挥重要作用 ;不同物质资源替代余地小 ,短缺表现为结构性短缺 ,应更多地发挥市场机制的作用     

顾客参与对员工工作满意的影响研究——基于角色理论视角

顾客参与会导致顾客满意,这是被许多学者证实的事实。然而,顾客参与是否也有利于员工工作满意呢?梳理相关文献发现,有关顾客参与与员工工作满意关系的研究并不多,而且结论也不一致。因此,文章基于角色理论视角,引入角色压力、角色导向和角色替代三个变量,系统研究了顾客参与对员工工作满意的影响。文章最后讨论了研究的理论贡献和管理贡献,并指出了未来研究的方向。     

事业单位养老保险改革替代率分析

我国事业单位养老保险改革迫在眉睫。本文通过比较事业单位养老保险试点前后的不同方案,计算两种制度下的养老金替代率,得出试点方案中的养老金替代率与改革前、企业职工养老保险养老金替代率均存在较大差距。从而说明各试点省市事业单位养老保险改革进程缓慢主要在于待遇水平大幅度降低。由此提出早日建立职业年金制度的建议。     

Institutional change from an evolutionary perspective: the Mexican experience

The fall of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in July 2000 marked a milestone in Mexico’s political history. Throughout its 71 years of incumbency, the PRI had incarnated the set of social, political and economic institutions of the country to the extent of becoming synonymous with governance and stability. Using a simple model in which institutional change is the result of the strategic interaction between citizens, an incumbent ruler and a potential new ruler or entrant, we provide a systematic interpretation of this experience emphasizing the role of evolutionary factors such as history, uncertainty, learning and experimentation.

浅谈沙特红海岸地区软土地基换填法处理措施

本文就在沙特红海岸地区,淤泥和贝壳砂为主要成分的吹填区域的地基处理案例,浅谈软土地基换填法处理措施。