纵向价格双轨制:“电荒”的经济分析与出路

本文发展了纵向价格双轨制理论,分析了中国近年来连续出现的煤、电冲突,模拟了电荒或电力缺口并解释其产生原因。理论分析和实证研究取得了一致性结论。在此基础上,提出了稳定煤炭市场,改革电力市场的纵向政策调整思路。本文的研究思路和基本结论也适用于油荒、粮荒和房荒问题。     

农村劳动力结构性短缺的影响因素分析——基于湖南省224份问卷的调查

随着农村劳动力不同质的转移,大量农村地区出现了劳动力老龄化、妇女化、低素质化等现象,留守的农村劳动力出现了严重的结构性短缺,农村劳动力一定程度的畸形转移与结构性缺失,使得农村发展过渡到了一个瓶颈阶段。文章基于224户农户的调查数据,运用因子分析方法,对影响农村劳动力结构性短缺的因素进行了实证分析。模型结果表明:农村劳动力结构性短缺受人力资本、家庭、收入、就业因素的影响。其中,(1)人力资本因素,人力资本因素的贡献率是最大的,留守农户拥有技能、接受培训与否直接影响着农村劳动力的结构;(2)家庭因素,家庭年纯收入、家庭人口数量、土地经营情况对农村劳动力结构性短缺的影响较大,(3)收入因素,本人月收入的影响权重较大;(4)就业因素,就业因素的影响力度较小,农户从事的行业以及就业地点间接影响农村劳动力结构性短缺。针对模型结果,提出几点政策建议。     

农业资源短缺下喀斯特山区都市农业发展区划探讨——以六盘水市钟山区为例

六盘水市钟山区是贵州西部的区域中心城市,区位优势及经济基础条件相对其它山区城市较好,但受喀斯特背景下的农业资源短缺限制,山区的传统农业已不能适应目前工业化、城镇化和信息化的发展。通过对研究区实地调研和查阅相关统计数据,对区域内农业资源背景、发展潜力及所面临的困难进行分析,并探索喀斯特山区都市农业发展思路框架,将都市农业划分为都市农业功能、农业产业体系建设和技术体系建设三大发展模块。然后,结合相关区划原则,运用GIS制图技术将研究区分为都市庭院经济、西南部生态屏障、东北部生态屏障、北部高效生态农业和西北部畜牧业五大功能区。以功能分区的发展思路作为喀斯特山区资源型城市经济转型及结构调整的基础,有效调动区域内各级行政单元的经济引导职能,实现由传统农业向现代农业的跨越,最终促进农业增收和农民收入提高,确保地区粮食安全和农产品有效供给,为喀斯特山区发展都市现代农业提供参考。     

粮食生产、生态保护与宏观调控政策

[目的]长期以来,粮食生产与生态保护一直是一对矛盾综合体,为了实现粮食安全目标,人们往往忽略对于生态的保护,通过对二者之间的相互影响机理的分析,提出更好的宏观调控政策。[方法]采用因果分析法对粮食安全框架下的粮食生产和生态保护的演进关系、影响形式和内容进行了研究,最终给出了二者协调发展的粮食宏观调控政策设计对策。[结果]首先,不合理粮食生产活动对生态环境造成的严重破坏,主要体现在水土流失、水资源浪费、化学物质的残留和生态环境的污染;其次,被破坏的生态环境反过来影响了粮食生产的数量和质量,进而对粮食安全产生了威胁。[结论]为了保证粮食安全的目标,长期牺牲生态环境的做法已经带来了严重的后果,这种后果不仅仅表现为当前的生态失衡,更严重威胁了未来的粮食安全。因此,要充分发挥粮食宏观调控政策的作用,加强生态功能设计,具体可从建立农业自然资源保护和有效利用的制度机制、加强政府生态农业的主导型地位及投入水平、以技术进步支撑保护农业生态和粮食安全和以法律手段规范保证相应措施的顺利实施4个方面进行设计和完善。     

Agriculture,transportation, and the COVID-19 crisis

In this short paper, I assess how COVID-19-related disruptions in transportation services, as well as new demands for transportation services, could impact Canadian agricultural supply chains. The brief analysis reveals that agricultural access to bulk ocean freight, rail movement, and trucking has generally improved in the pandemic, bolstered by the reduced demand for these transportation services by other sectors of the economy. The intermodal containerized movement of grains and food products has seen some disruption from the lack of empty containers in North America. The widespread consumer adoption of physical distancing measures has vastly increased the demand for retail food pickup and delivery services to the point where these services are being rationed by long wait times. From a policy perspective, there is an apparent need for (a) continued supply chain monitoring and industry engagement, (b) the proactive development of strategies to deal with absenteeism and other potential threats to the supply chain, and (c) an assessment of the economic and health merits of providing additional public resources to provide greater access to grocery pickup and delivery services.     

How human resources management best practice influence employee satisfaction and job retention in the Thai hotel industry

Human resources management (HRM) practices are hotel management tools that contribute to organizational success. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how soft HRM practices in the Thai hotel industry affect job satisfaction and job retention. This study focuses on soft HRM practices, which draws on theories of commitment and motivation. Soft HRM refers to human relations between staff and the hotel organization. A quantitative approach was employed using multiple regression technique with a stepwise method for data analysis. It was found that employee satisfaction is not fostered by increasing remuneration, but is more related to the quality of working life, good leadership style, regular training, employment security, the hotel's brand image, and employees' personal traits, a most important aspect. The findings from this study provide a comprehensive framework for both academic and managerial responses to resolve the labor and skill shortage crises. Equally important is the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation and personal attitude theory that underpins employee job satisfaction in this study.     

“用工荒”背景下私营企业和谐劳资关系构建

针对我国私营企业招工难以及劳资矛盾和劳资冲突等问题,文章提出私营企业需要构建和谐劳资关系.构建和谐劳资关系,从主体上看,需要政府、资方和劳方的整体推进;从逻辑上看,需要理念、制度、机制等方面的逐层推进;从运行机制上看,则需要内生需求和外部压力共同推进.     

The Exercise and Acceptance of Power in an Industrial Channel Dyad

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Power is an adaptive process in which power exercised by one firm could be less than, equal to, or greater than that accepted by another over the course of different periods. This study incorporates previous research on power asymmetry to examine the process of power exercise and acceptance over three stages: power exploration, power balance and power idleness.

Design/methodology/approach: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 4 powerful suppliers (the source firms) and their distributors (the target firms) in different industries.

Findings: The exercise and acceptance of power are influenced by expected rewards and expected costs in the power exploration stage and are impacted by dependence and trust in the power idleness stage; in the stage of power balance, power exercise and acceptance will not be altered. Under power shortage, the source firm will attempt to use less power and/or to enhance the levels of power accepted by the target; under power surplus, the source firm will transform the surplus into company performance and/or personal interests.

Research limitations/implications: The findings deepen our understanding of how power is exercised and accepted in a channel dyad over time, and of how firms behave in dealing with power shortage and power surplus.

Practical implications: The findings also provide some guidance for practitioners, so that they may apply power more appropriately based on different power stages in marketing channels.

Originality/value: This study extends our knowledge on power evolution over three stages from both a power holder and an acceptor viewpoint.     

制约通信工程施工企业发展的资金问题研究

资金管理是企业管理的重要内容,流动资金的短缺,一直是困扰通信工程施工企业发展的突出问题,严重制约着企业业务的正常开展和经济效益的提高。本文从通信工程施工企业的实际出发,分析研究了通信工程施工企业流动资金短缺的原因,并提出改善通信工程施工企业流动资金短缺的对策。     

生源不足条件下高职院校的战略选择和理性对策

受人口出生率变化和高考选择多样化的影响，高职院校的招生碰到了很大的困难，有些困难是客观的，有些困难则是由高职院校自己沟通不善造成的。明确自身的战略定位，取得政府在政策和资金等方面的支持，制订正确的招生宣传策略，做好招生宣传，就一定能克服当前生源减少带来的困难。