中国二板市场的结构设计与流动性管理

设立二板市场是证券市场微观结构与组织功能的创新。二板市场的结构功能设计与模式的转换都与市场流动性的变化有着密切的联系。各国交易所和二板市场对交易流动性不足采取了不同的结构性补救方法。中国二板市场在结构设计与流动性管理问题上需要解决的难点，主要是如何面对来自海外诸多二板市场的竞争、二板市场的准入条件、股价波动问题、沪深证券市场结构与功能的重构问题、是否引入庄家制等。中国应借鉴国外经验，重构沪深交易所的结构功能和增进市场流动性的操作策略。     

New development: Leveraging ‘big data’ analytics in the public sector

This article examines the opportunities presented by effectively harnessing big data in the public sector context. The article is exploratory and reviews both academic- and practitioner–oriented literature related to big data developments. The findings suggest that big data will have an impact on the future role of public sector organizations in functional areas. However, the author also reveals that there are challenges to be addressed by governments in adopting big data applications. To realize the benefits of big data, policy-makers need to: invest in research; create incentives for private and public sector entities to share data; and set up programmes to develop appropriate skills.     

"民工荒"与"技工荒"并存的理论解释及证据——基于投资结构与就业均衡视角的研究

"民工荒"与"技工荒"并存的情况已成为困扰中国劳动力市场健康发展的难题。文章从投资结构与就业均衡视角对此进行理论模型分析,研究发现,在资本约束条件下,技术改造型资本和外延扩大型资本的迅速扩张,导致技术和非技术劳动力需求量的急剧增长,工资刚性导致劳动力供给刚性,而人力资本投资不足则导致劳动力质量上升缓慢,因而劳动力市场中技术与非技术劳动力的供需矛盾造成了"民工荒"与"技工荒"的并存。研究表明,将技术改造型资本投入和外延扩大型资本投入保持与在职培训人力资本投资的均衡增长,那么将不会产生劳动力双重短缺,即有效解决"两荒"并存的难题。     

水——生存的条件、发展的基础

水是组成生命的重要物质,是生命的源泉。水是农业发展的先决条件,没有水就没有农业;水是工业发展的基础,决定了工业发展的规模和速度。地球上可利用的淡水是有限的,分布极不均匀,而社会的发展对水的需求却在骤增。同时人类对水的浪费严重,造成了江河湖水的污染;地球气温的升高,又增加了淡水缺少的危机。因此,人类要想可持续发展,必须节水、管水、养水、治水、造水。要留住雨水和雪水,海水淡化是当务之急。     

Determinants of agricultural water saving technology adoption: an empirical study of 10 provinces of China

In recent years, China has been faced by an increasingly severe water shortage due to the continual growth of demand on water resources. Although the Chinese government has been actively promoting the agricultural water-saving technology adoption, it is ill-informed of the adoption degree of the current agricultural watersaving technologies as well as the function of the governmental policies, Therefore, this paper＂ analyzes the aforesaid problems based on investigative data of 10 provinces in China. The results demonstrate that although there is a rapid increase of adopted agricultural water-saving technologies, the actual adoption area is rather limited. Moreover, the governmental policies and scarcity of water resources are the deierminants of agricultural water-saving technology adoption. Ultimately, the paper proposes some policy suggestions.     

我国水资源区域性短缺和可持续性利用问题分析

我国目前的水资源分布很不均衡,不少地方的水资源极其短缺,严重影响了当地人民的生活和经济发展。而且用水效率也非常低,浪费污染严重。水资源短缺已成为社会经济发展的"瓶颈"。对我国目前的水资源的人口承载力进行估算后,得出的结果是我国目前有14个地区人口超载。然后运用供求、效用和产权等理论,对目前造成水资源短缺的原因进行分析,并提出水资源可持续利用的有效途径。     

基于最严格水资源管理制度的水质型缺水地区节水型社会建设评价

在分析水质型缺水地区节水型社会建设内涵及特点的基础上,以最严格水资源管理"三条红线"为准则,构建包括目标层、准则层、领域层和指标层4个层次结构的水质型缺水地区节水型社会建设评价指标体系,建立基于混沌遗传算法和投影寻踪的节水型社会建设评价模型,并以昆山市为例,评价其节水型社会建设水平。研究结果表明:昆山市2012年、2014年和2020年的节水型社会建设水平均为良好,2025年为优秀,与实际情况及规划目标相符,说明该指标体系和投影寻踪模型具有一定的可操作性及有效性。     

从民工潮到民工荒: 基于劳动力市场管制视角的分析

自2004年春开始,曾引起社会各界关注多年的民工潮逐步被以农民工短缺为特征的民工荒所取代.从民工潮到民工荒的转变绝不仅仅是表面上的农民工由富余到短缺,其实是一种使多层次矛盾得以凸显的劳动力市场现象.从劳动力市场管制角度看,民工荒现象凸显了我国劳动力市场管制中存在的制度缺陷和管制失灵;而要破解民工荒,改善对劳动力市场特别是农民工市场的管制,无疑是一种必然选择.本文从劳动力市场管制视角对民工荒现象所蕴含的社会意义、产生原因及解决对策做一分析.     

“民工荒”促进行业发展：对海阳市针织毛衫产业的实证研究

本文以针织毛衫产业为具体研究对象,通过对山东海阳市针织毛衫产业的实证研究,讨论了全球经济不景气情况下,针织毛衫行业所面临的种种困境。尤以民工荒问题突出,同时也直接或间接的造成了企业的其他问题。比如,企业规模过小,员工技术参差不齐,产品质量优劣不一。行业是企业的集合,企业的问题得到解决,行业也就能正常良性发展了。文章从微观和宏观两个角度分析了毛衫产业出现的种种问题,背后的原因,并提出了一系列切实可行的建议和措施,不仅是企业要改进的,也包括政府要做的。     

The Income, Savings, and Monetary Overhang of Soviet Households

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it reconstructs data on the income, expenditure, and savings of Soviet households during 1965–1989. Second, it estimates the magnitude of monetary overhang in the Soviet consumer market. The data reconstruction was made using unpublished archival material, i.e., Soviet family budget surveys. The magnitude of monetary overhang was estimated using the long-run solution and the VAR (vector autoregression) of the Soviet household savings function. The estimates suggest that the overhang amounted to 38% of household money balances in 1991 and that a 61% price adjustment would have been necessary to remove the monetary overhang of Soviet households at the time. J. Comp. Econom., December 1999, 27(4), pp. 644–668. University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.