乡镇企业成长过程中的管理问题初探

我国乡镇企业正面临着第二次创业。阻碍乡镇企业成长的主要问题是其成长过程中对复杂性的管理。在乡镇企业成长过程中，复杂性表现在企业的外部环境和内部组织两个方面。乡镇企业对复杂性的管理存在的很多问题，尤其的“任人唯亲”和“机会主义扩张”的原则，严重阻碍了乡镇企业的进一步成长。有效管理复杂性的途径就是要提高对复杂性问题的管理能力，这种能力的提高是以提升企业知识积累能力和组织学习能力为前提，以提高简化复杂性的能力为基础的。     

劳动力迁移、人力资本与农业技术进步分析

采用比较分析法和数据包络分析法（DEA）,分析了劳动力迁移、人力资本与农业技术进步之间的关系。认为劳动力迁移有利于劳动力人力资本水平的提高;农业技术效率在短期内受到物质资本投入、劳动力素质等因素的强性约束。长期来看,约束因子会不断放松;劳动力迁移对迁入地的农业技术进步是有贡献的。     

Unproductive labour,capital accumulation and profitability crisis in the Greek economy

The focus of this paper is on the evolution of the major macroeconomic variables of classical political economy and the contrast with their orthodox counterparts in the quest to identify the causes of the current crisis in the Greek economy. Our analysis shows that declining profitability past a certain point leads to a stagnant mass of real net profits that discourage investment and increase unemployment. More specifically, for the period 1970–2007 for which we have detailed data, we identify the so-called silent depression of the 1970s and early 1980s, the new golden age of accumulation during which the capitalization of the production process led to a rapidly growing productivity and with stagnant or slowly rising real wages increased the rate of surplus value to new heights. As a consequence, the rate of profit from the mid-1980s onwards displayed a mildly rising trend and remained at a much lower level than that of the early 1970s. The rate of profit starts to fall after 2007, the year of the onset of the (world) economic crisis, and this continues up to 2014. Our econometric analysis based on an ARDL model further shows that the incremental rate of return, a variable derived from, and therefore strictly related to the average rate of profit, constitutes a by far more concrete measure of profitability and, in combination with the real interest rate, shapes the process of capital accumulation.     

氮肥减量及秸秆替代过量氮肥下冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系氮素淋失风险研究

针对过量施用氮肥和地下水硝酸盐超标的现状,探索减量施氮、秸秆替代过量氮肥下土壤氮素的淋失风险,以期为降低氮素淋失风险提供科学依据。通过在河北省徐水县进行连续4年的冬小麦—夏玉米轮作体系田间定位试验,分析耕作(少耕和常规耕作)、施氮量(无机氮0、200和300 kg/hm~2)和秸秆(还田、不还田)等措施对作物收获后土壤无机氮累积、土壤—作物体系氮平衡状况以及冬小麦和夏玉米产量的影响。结果表明,小麦收获后,过量施氮处理0~100 cm土壤硝态氮累积量显著高于其它处理,高达221 kg/hm~2,过高的土壤残留硝态氮增加玉米高温多雨季氮素淋洗风险。3年氮平衡累积量比较显示,过量施氮、少耕/常规耕作减量施氮秸秆还田3处理的氮平衡值无显著性差异,以少耕减量施氮秸秆还田最低,为236 kg/hm~2,过量施氮处理最高,为281 kg/hm~2,三者均显著高于少耕/常规耕作减量施氮秸秆不还田处理。冬小麦—夏玉米轮作体系氮平衡值与0~100 cm土层的土壤无机氮、土壤硝态氮累积量呈显著正相关,说明氮素大量盈余会导致0~100 cm土壤剖面无机氮大量累积,尤其是硝态氮大量累积。少耕和常规耕作减量施氮秸秆还田处理的冬小麦、夏玉米产量与过量施氮无显著差异。综合考虑土壤无机氮累积量、氮平衡值和作物产量,少耕或者常规耕作下,可以利用秸秆氮替代过量无机氮,降低氮素淋洗风险。     

China's Growth Slowdown: Labor Supply,Productivity, or What?

There has been much discussion of the sources of China’s growth slowdown but little formal econometric analysis of this question. Chen and Groenewold (2019) show that the slowdown was primarily supply-driven, but they stopped short of identifying specific supply variables. This paper extends their analysis and distinguishes several potential supply components: labor supply, productivity, and capital accumulation. Our results confirm their main conclusion that supply dominates the explanation of the slowdown. A model with two supply factors (labor supply and productivity) reveals that both components contribute to the slowdown, although productivity makes the greater contribution. However, when capital stock is added to the model, the decline in the capital accumulation rate becomes an important factor in the growth slowdown, to some extent replacing the effects of both labor supply and productivity.     

组合煤岩体对冲击地压防治的意义及科研进展

冲击地压严重威胁着煤矿的生产安全,给国家人民带来沉重的损失和代价。回采工作面附近的组合煤岩体,由于铅垂方向上不同层位的煤岩组合,导致其对能量的积聚能力存在差异且更为复杂,加之水平方向随着工作面的推进,因经历老初次来压、周期来压,使这部分组合煤岩体更容易产生能量聚集,造成冲击地压。本文通过论述组合煤岩体的相关研究对冲击地压防治的意义,同时对其研究进展进行概括分析,希望能对冲击地压的防治有所帮助。     

Property rights and long-run capital

Proprietary capital falling into the public domain inefficiently decreases capital accumulation. As a consequence, the market steady state consumption underperforms the planner's by 4.6%–9.1% in a neoclassical infinitely-lived agents economy with constant returns to scale and standard empirically supported parameters. The results extend robustly to an overlapping generations economy, for which the gap is 10.5% when similarly parametrized. A policy decentralizing, in the latter, the planner's steady state instead consists of (i) subsidizing the rental rate of private capital at its depreciation rate, and (ii) taxing households' negative net position between, on the one hand, firm and depreciated capital ownership, and on the other, borrowing. Under this policy, the necessary tax rate on households' negative net position is smaller the bigger the absolute value of the latter and, hence, the bigger the corresponding monetary real balances held by households.     

The (Over)Cost of Capital: Financialization and Nonfinancial Corporations in France (1961–2011)

ABSTRACT

The term ‘financialization’ is often used to describe the major changes that occurred in the macroeconomic regimes of most developed and, to a lesser extent, emerging economies since the beginning of the 1980s. In the present paper, we propose a reappraisal of the notion of the cost of capital and subsequently argue that financialization in France has increased the cost of capital for nonfinancial corporations with new standards of financial profitability. We introduce a measurement for what could be called the over-cost of capital and describe how the evolution of this additional financial burden may explain the slowdown in the pace of capital accumulation, and thus the drop in French macroeconomic performance observed for the past 30 years.     

低温雨雪冰冻灾害对湖北森林资源的影响与思考——赴湖北灾后恢复重建工作技术指导组调研报告

湖北林业这次雨雪冰冻灾害主要表现在竹木损失惨重,经济林、新造林损毁严重等方面。从造林树种灾情看,其受灾重点为竹类、针叶树种、阔叶树种。存在问题:森林经营水平低,科技含量不高;林业次生衍生灾害潜在风险大;基础设施毁坏严重;森林抵御特大自然灾害相关研究不足。建议:加强技术指导,科学恢复与重建;预防为主,防止次生、衍生灾害;争取启动冰雪灾害防护技术研究。     

浣花溪风景的历史变迁及其动力机制 研究

浣花溪作为成都文化重要的发源地之一，自先秦形 成水系以来，历经2 000年的历史更替延续至今，是彰显诗 歌文化、成都风俗文化在内多种历史价值的文化景观。以古代 文人诗词、游记、地方方志等文字资料和舆图、近现代地图等 图像资料为基础，通过对文字信息的图像化转译试图还原各时 期浣花溪风景历史地图，并从“时间-空间”“物质-精神” 双重维度梳理浣花溪文化景观的层累过程，进而从自然地理、 社会人文和地方认知三方面动力因子的相互作用关系探讨浣花 溪风景得以维系至今的内在动力机制。