Water pricing reform analysis: alternative scenarios

This paper compares alternative transition paths to efficient water pricing. The analysis is based on representative agent model, where two sources of water supply exist: exhaustible groundwater stock and a renewable substitute. Two alternative water pricing reforms are considered: gradual tariff increase and multipart pricing with first block sold at the initial pre-reform tariff and additional water sold at higher prices (block pricing reform). Under block pricing reform, the amount of water offered at low price gradually diminishes. The results of comparative analysis prove that under the same reform time horizon block pricing is preferred to the gradual tariff increase.     

Modelling New Zealand dairy products: evidence on export survival and duration

This article presents evidence concerning the pattern of New Zealand dairy exports duration and survival from 1989 to 2017. It also analyses the influence of a set of supply, demand and gravity‐type drivers on the hazard rate for New Zealand dairy export relationships. The findings are summarised as follows. First, New Zealand dairy export relationships are dynamic with numerous entries and exits to and from foreign markets. Around half of the relationships survived for only 1–2 years at the sequence level. Second, duration of sequence, left‐censoring, initial export, decomposed sequences, New Zealand export price index, the number of cows available for dairy production, the number of origins and destinations, and destination partner’s GDP are the most significant factors reducing the hazard rate of export relationships. As regards the effects of the non‐tariff measures, it is interesting that technical barriers of trade are found to significantly decrease the hazard rate. Only pre‐shipment inspection and contingent trade protective measures are significant impediments to New Zealand dairy export relationships. Finally, hazard probabilities for New Zealand dairy export relationships are estimated to be ‘L‐shaped’ over time, whether or not non‐tariff measures are applied to New Zealand dairy products.     

袁店一矿主井箕斗装载硐室优化施工工艺快速施工

介绍装载硐室通过优化施工工艺,精心组织、科学管理,采用正台阶掘进法分上、下台阶施工装载硐室,总结了一套科学、实效的施工工艺,从而保证快速施工。     

Predictive spatial network analysis for high-resolution transport modeling,applied to cyclist flows,mode choice,and targeting investment

Betweenness is a measure long used in spatial network analysis (SpNA) to predict flows of pedestrians and vehicles, and more recently in public health research. We improve on this approach with a methodology for combining multiple betweenness computations using cross-validated ridge regression to create wide-scale, high-resolution transport models. This enables computationally efficient calibration of distance decay, agglomeration effects, and multiple trip purposes. Together with minimization of the Geoffrey E. Havers (GEH) statistic commonly used to evaluate transport models, this bridges a gap between SpNA and mainstream transport modeling practice. The methodology is demonstrated using models of bicycle transport, where the higher resolution of the SpNA models compared to mainstream (four-step) models is of particular use. Additional models are developed incorporating heterogeneous user preferences (cyclist aversion to motor traffic). Based on network shape and flow data alone the best model gives reasonable correlation against cyclist flows on individual links, weighted to optimize GEH (r² = 0.78, GEH = 1.9). As SpNA models use a single step rather than four, and can be based on flow data alone rather than demographics and surveys, the cost of calibration is lower, ensuring suitability for small-scale infrastructure projects as well as large-scale studies.     

Sign here,please! On developing countries’ market access conditions in regional trade agreements

Have regional trade agreements (RTAs) improved market access conditions for developing countries? Employing a measure expressing effective tariff margins and using disaggregated panel data for a sample of 45 developing country exporters, 60 export destinations, and the period between 1991 and 2015, it is shown that this question can generally be answered in the affirmative. Although the effect is estimated to be moderate, RTAs might thus be an important long‐run building block in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in order to increase developing countries’ participation in world trade. On closer inspection, however, for the countries included in the sample, there is considerable variation depending on the choice of integration partners and economic sectors. More specifically, market access improvements cannot be found for African economies in South–South agreements and developing countries engaging formally with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) or the Republic of Korea, while leading industrialized nations are reluctant to grant improved market access to developing countries in RTAs especially in capital‐intensive (high‐productivity) manufacturing sectors.     

当前抽水蓄能电站电价疏导问题分析

提出目前抽水蓄能电站电价疏导政策存在的问题,分析选择租赁方式的单一容量电价的合理性,研究电价疏导在省问和省内的特点和方式,提出现阶段合理电价疏导方式,建议新建电站宜继续采用租赁的单一容量电价,应尽早建立网间电力交易机制和深入研究省网内电厂、电网和用户之间的电价疏导比例。     

西部大开发蓝图的轮廓与起笔

本文对西部大开发的意义、开发模式的选择、开发的方针以及开发的程序和步骤提出了自己的看法和意见.目的在于参与讨论和抛砖引玉.     

浅谈油田污水处理过程中的质量控制

质量管理和生产流程控制是企业生存与发展的重要因素,针对油田污水处理过程,提出从药剂、设备、人员、指标等方面进行质量控制,并针对污水处理生产工艺流程,对影响指标的各个因素进行了分析,从管＂结果＂变为管＂因素＂,对各个控制段和控制点的指标及时进行检验,把不合格品消失在它的形成过程之中,并做到不断的质量改进。     

关于《功率因数调整电费办法》的修订建议

介绍了现行的<功率因数调整电费办法>,指出其中部分规定不够完善和细致,对采用动态无功补偿装置缺少相关的规定等,客观上形成对用电企业在功率因数达标后继续增加电容器进行无功补偿的鼓励力度不足,提出了供用双方共赢的修订思路.     

某省火电机组理论上网标杆电价分析

2004年国家发改委在经营期电价政策基础上推出了标杆电价政策。2007--2008年,我国煤价不断上涨。为了解发电企业的经营状况,为价格管理部门合理核定新投产火电机组标杆上网电价提供参考,开展了某省火电机组理论上网标杆电价分析工作。在收集整理分析发电企业大量经营参数的基础上,得到经营期算法模型所需的计算参数,并对经营期算法参数进行了敏感性分析。