Competition,strategic delegation and delay in technology adoption

This paper examines how strategic managerial delegation affects firms' timing of adoption of a new technology under different modes of product market competition. It demonstrates that strategic delegation has differential impacts on adoption dates under Cournot and Bertrand competitions. Strategic delegation with ‘own-performance’-based incentive schemes always leads to early adoption in markets with Bertrand competition compared to that under no-delegation, but not necessarily so in markets with Cournot competition. It also shows that under strategic delegation with ‘own-performance’-based incentive schemes, adoption occurs earlier (later) in markets with Cournot competition than in markets with Bertrand competition, if the degree of product differentiation is high (low). In contrast, under strategic delegation with ‘relative-performance’-based incentive schemes, adoption dates do not differ across markets with different modes of competition. It also analyses implications of firms' choice over types of managerial incentive schemes on the speed of diffusion of new technology.     

A Model of the Representation of Interests in a Compound Democracy

This paper provides a model of democratic government as a compound of independent elective and non elective centers of power that compete in fostering the demands of voters and of interest groups. The analysis describes how interests of voters and of pressure groups are represented and under what conditions the compound democracy is more responsive to voters' or to interest groups' demands. These conditions are shown to depend on the center of power's relative opportunity costs at serving a plurality of interests and on the severeness of informational asymmetries between voters and interest groups.     

2014年法国科研经费注重扶持战略性产业

法国经济目前仍然处在停滞不前的阶段,失业率高企、家庭购买力下降。法国2014年预算法案已讨论通过,主要在增收减支的基础上力求缩减赤字,促进经济增长,扩大就业。2014年,法国科研经费保证基础研究与应用研究均衡发展,重点扶持国家战略性产业发展,其涉及的领域包括:生态与能源转换、工业振兴、数字化经济、大学研究、卫生、航空与航天、青年-培训与国家现代化及国际工业新技术等。对2014年法国科研计划体系建设、经费管理、立项管理、申报程序及项目管理等进行了介绍,该计划优先支持基础研究,推动基础研究与技术研究均衡发展,支持国家战略性产业抢占制高点。     

"丝绸之路经济带"国内段建设:战略意义及功能定位

"丝绸之路经济带"与海上丝绸之路、京津冀协同发展、长江经济带共同构成经济新常态下的三大战略. 该经济带建设既是西部大开发战略的深化,也是中国向西开放战略的新高地. 其核心区包括西北五省(市、区)和四川、重庆. 它主要承担着国家循环经济发展示范区、国家重要的生态屏障、战略性新兴产业培育、内陆地区对外开放等功能. "丝绸之路经济带"建设,应重点从战略合作、建立立体交通网络、加快经济区和城镇群建设,通过产业链的形式在国内形成"树干—树根"式的关联关系.     

企业隐性负债形成的动因及其战略思考

企业会计报表中的显性负债大部分是由于企业潜在的隐性负债聚集而生成的,是企业内外各种因素长期积淀的结果。如何化企业隐性负债为显性收益,须从企业战略高度去思考。本文在叙述企业隐性负债形成的时代背景的基础上分析企业负债形成的动因,并寻求其解决的途径。     

长三角区域经济一体化的基本态势与战略思考——基于宁波市532家企业的问卷调查与分析

推动长三角区域经济一体化的主导力量是市场,主体是企业。文章在对532家企业问卷调查与访谈的基础上,从实证上得到长三角区域经济一体化的基本态势与特征。结合存在的体制与利益上的阻碍,认为在战略上要把握住四个方面:即制度的协调与利益平衡、产业的分工与协作、科技要素的流动以及区域法制规则建设。     

Estimating the performance effects of business groups in emerging markets

Business groups—confederations of legally independent firms—are ubiquitous in emerging economies, yet very little is known about their effects on the performance of affiliated firms. We conceive of business groups as responses to market failures and high transaction costs. In doing so, we develop hypotheses about the effects of group affiliation on firm profitability: affiliation could either boost or depress firm profitability, and members of a group are likely to earn rates of return similar to other members of the same group. Using a unique data set compiled largely from local sources, we test for these effects in 14 emerging markets: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, India, Indonesia, Israel, Mexico, Peru, the Philippines, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Turkey. We find evidence that business groups indeed affect the broad patterns of economic performance in 12 of the markets we examine. Group affiliation appears to have as profound an effect on profitability as does industry membership, yet strategy scholars have a much clearer grasp of industries than of groups. Moreover, membership in a group raises the profitability of the average group member in several of the markets we examine. This runs contrary to the wisdom, conventional in advanced economies, that unrelated diversification depresses profitability. Overall, our findings suggest that the roots of sustained differences in profitability may vary across institutional contexts; conclusions drawn in one context may well not apply to another. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

对改革供电企业变电检修现行管理模式的探讨

提出了重组专业化的变电检修总公司的战略思路,对电网企业与总公司之间发展新型关系进行了探讨,指出以战略思维构筑战略联盟,保持合作联盟,实现共赢与发展.分析虽是对检修体制改革,同时也是对安全生产管理体制的变革,有利于供电企业的安全生产管理.     

浅析新时期我国高校办学定位和战略管理

近一个时期,我国高等学校普遍开始重视办学定位和战略规划,这是好事,但重视不能仅仅停留在口头,更要落实在行动上。那么,不论是口头还是行动之前,都要做好充足的功课。笔者在高校工作多年,关于高校定位和战略规划借此发表自己的拙见,与读者分享,敬请批评指正。     

The Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism Needs Better Categories: Clearing up the Confusions that Result from Blurring Analytic and Lay Concepts

Synopsis It has been difficult to make progress in the study of ethnicity and nationalism because of the multiple confusions of analytic and lay terms, and the sheer lack of terminological standardization (often even within the same article). This makes a conceptual cleaning-up unavoidable, and it is especially salutary to attempt it now that more economists are becoming interested in the effects of identity on behavior, so that they may begin with the best conceptual tools possible. My approach to these questions has been informed by anthropological and evolutionary-psychological questions. I will focus primarily on the terms ‘ethnic group’, ‘nation’, and ‘nationalism’, and I will make the following points: (1) so-called ‘ethnic groups’ are collections of people with a common cultural identity, plus an ideology of membership by descent and normative endogamy; (2) the ‘group’ in ‘ethnic group’ is a misleading misnomer—these are not ‘groups’ but categories, so I propose to call them ‘ethnies’; (3) ‘nationalism’ mostly refers to the recent ideology that ethnies—cultural communities with a self-conscious ideology of self-sufficient reproduction—be made politically sovereign; (4) it is very confusing to use ‘nationalism’ also to stand for ‘loyalty to a multi-ethnic state’ because this is the exact opposite; (5) a ‘nation’ truly exists only in a politician’s imagination, so analysts should not pretend that establishing whether something ‘really’ is or is not ‘a nation’ matters; (6) a big analytic cost is paid every time an ‘ethnie’ is called a ‘nation’ because this mobilizes the intuition that nationalism is indispensable to ethnic organization (not true), which thereby confuses the very historical process—namely, the recent historical emergence of nationalism—that must be explained; (7) another analytical cost is paid when scholars pretend that ethnicity is a form of kinship—it is not.