政府研发补贴方式对战略性新兴产业创新的影响机制研究

本文研究了政府研发补贴的不同发放方式对战略性新兴产业创新产生的不同影响机制。动态博弈模型分析指出,定额补贴由于不影响战略性新兴产业先行厂商的产品质量决策,所以在促进原始创新方面,它不如比率补贴有效。本文使用系统GMM方法估计了2009~2013年我国战略性新兴产业上市公司的动态面板数据,发现上市公司接受的定额研发补贴对其创新产出,即技术进步没有显著影响;这些上市公司上期的技术进步和当期研发投入会正向显著增加其创新产出。我国各级政府需要改变普遍使用的定额研发补贴方式,以比率研发补贴来代替定额研发补贴,从而提高战略性新兴产业的创新产出。     

基于政策性补贴的我国农业保险市场非均衡研究

有效平衡农业保险需求与供给的非均衡关系以及是否需要实施政策性农业保险补贴政策是其发展中必须面对的一个重要问题.本文基于1990-2011年我国农业保险市场的宏观经济数据,通过构建供求双曲线型非均衡计量模型来分析在实施政策性农业保险补贴前后的农业保险市场的非均衡性.实证结果表明实施的政策性农业保险补贴能够有效促进农业保险市场供求朝均衡方向发展.最后提出应大力实施政策性农业保险、不断提高农民农业收入以及尽快建立从中央到地方的多层次农业保险经营模式等政策建议.     

农业机械化发展及其服务外包的原因分析——源自冀豫鲁3省问卷调查数据的证明

[目的]在统计描述华北平原农民的机械采纳率和机械采纳方式的基础上,分析农民的机械化需求和农机手的机械服务供给行为及其内在逻辑,从理论和实证两个维度对华北平原地区农业机械技术的特殊实现形式——服务外包做出解释。[方法]运用描述性统计分析和成本收益核算等方法,利用冀豫鲁3省779个农户和45个农机手的实地调研数据分别对农业机械化发展的前提条件和实现方式做出解释。[结果]农业劳动力成本上升与农机购置成本下降,共同刺激了农民的机械技术需求,是华北平原农业机械化快速发展的前提条件;持有农业机械的农民基于理性选择而向其他农民提供农机作业服务,是推动华北平原农业机械化以服务形式实现的主要原因。[结论]相关部门应继续探索高效的农机补贴模式,刺激农民的机械技术需求;农业机械支持政策可适当向农机合作社倾斜,提高农机手的组织化程度和服务数量与质量。     

The Tunisia Wheat Market in the Context of World Price Volatility: A Stochastic Partial Equilibrium Approach

Food security is a key objective of agricultural and food policy in Tunisia. The 2007–2008 food crisis highlighted the negative impacts of price volatility on international markets both in terms of food insecurity and budget exposure. Tunisian food subsidy expenditures ranged from $180 million to $710 million in 2006–2010, so volatile world prices meant volatile subsidy costs. Moreover, cereal production in Tunisia still has much instability due to climate conditions, which also influences imports and, consequently, subsidy expenditures. This study applies a structural model to conduct stochastic analyses of trade and policy impacts on food security and budget expenditures in the Tunisian wheat market. The methodology disaggregates durum wheat and soft wheat markets and generates projections of import prices of durum wheat and soft wheat, using projections of world prices provided by the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute at University of Missouri (FAPRI-MU). The key innovation is the generated stochastic analyses of subsidy costs based on stochastic world price projections and stochastic domestic wheat yields based on historic yield variances. The analysis highlights the sensitivity of subsidy costs to world prices, volumes imported and domestic production, so that alternative policy tools can be considered.     

政府补助企业的主要动机研究——基于我国A股上市公司面板数据的实证检验

上市公司获得的政府补助数额巨大且逐年增长,引起了广泛的质疑,而现有研究对政府补助企业的动机尚无一致的结论。基于理性经济人理论,考虑制度更改和环境变化的影响,以2007—2015年我国上市公司为研究样本,实证检验政府补助企业的主要动机,结果表明：政府补助企业的主要动机在于扩大就业和帮助上市公司“保牌”,最终目的是促进经济的增长;而增加税收和帮助上市公司达到配股要求不是政府补助企业主要考虑的因素,也没有明显证据证明国有企业比民营企业更容易获得政府补助。应完善资本市场退市制度,加强对政府补助的审批和监管,提高政府补助的资源配置效率,并积极引导政府补助发挥更好的社会效益。     

集体林区生态公益林建设对劳动力转移的影响——以浙江省为例

生态公益林作为我国政府强化生态文明建设的重要举措,在保障生态安全方面发挥着重要作用.本文使用浙江省的农户调查数据,使用Heckit模型实证检验了农户生态公益林面积和生态公益林损失性补偿对农户家庭劳动力转移的影响.结果表明:尽管生态公益林面积的增加促进了农户劳动力转移,但是生态公益林补贴与劳动力转移呈现出倒U形关系,即随...     

定额补贴模式能够促进农机装备制造企业创新吗——以拖拉机制造行业为例

农机购置补贴政策已深刻影响中国农机行业发展,本文以拖拉机制造行业为例,探讨政策的定额补贴模式对农机企业创新的影响.研究表明,定额补贴模式下的农机购置补贴对企业创新产生了两种效应.一是偏离效应,表现为补贴政策既难以降低企业创新成本,也难以带动高质量产品销售,对农机企业的创新激励不足,导致政策设计与政策目标实现的需要相偏离...     

纳税信用管理与财政补贴效率

基于新纳税信用管理的实施,采用双重差分法实证研究我国纳税信用管理对财政补贴效率的影响。结果发现：纳税信用管理能促进信用良好的企业获得财政补贴,并改善企业运用财政补贴的效果,有助于提高财政补贴的效率。机制分析显示,纳税信用管理通过信号传递机制和奖惩机制减少信息不对称,从而提高财政补贴的效率。此外,纳税信用管理对信用良好的中小企业、非国有企业获取财政补贴、运用财政补贴的效率有更大的积极作用,反映纳税信用管理通过改善财政补贴的效率也有助于提高财政补贴的公平性。     

Who shapes network neutrality policy debate? An examination of information subsidizers in the mainstream media and at Congressional and FCC hearings

Recognizing policy-making process as a communicative process, this study examines who has subsidized information relating to the net neutrality policy debate. Empirical data has been collected from net neutrality stories published in four national newspapers, as well as from hearings by Congress and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), during the period of February 2004 through January 2009. Study findings reveal that corporate interests have played a significant role in subsidizing information on net neutrality, both to the public through the mainstream media and to legislators through Congressional hearings. Furthermore, study results show that experts played a larger role in defining net neutrality through the mainstream media and FCC hearings than they did through Congressional hearings. Finally, the role of advocacy group representatives was more apparent at Congressional hearings than via the other two available information channels.     

Self-targeted food subsidies and voice: Evidence from the Philippines

This paper studies the targeting outcomes of a self-targeted rice subsidy program in the Philippines. We find modest within-community targeting outcomes, but weak between-community targeting. This appears to be because, controlling for the direct influence of household characteristics, participation was lower in poorer communities. These inter-community differentials are strongly correlated with several proxies for citizen “voice”, including education, income, and access to other public services. This suggests that self-targeting outcomes are not simply a function of the good selected for subsidy, but are also influenced by variations in communities’ access to usable services; that these variations favor richer communities; and that efforts to enhance consumer voice in disenfranchised communities would facilitate targeting improvements.