反补贴中补贴与损害因果关系的近因原则

补贴和损害之间存在因果关系是采取反补贴措施三个条件之一,但是对于因果关系的界定并不明确,存在着主要原因和原因之一的争议,故此认为可以借鉴保险中的近因原则对因果关系进行界定。     

Forest transition in Northern Spain: Local responses on large-scale programmes of field-afforestation

Public field-afforestation schemes have been designed and widely implemented as a measure to alleviate uneven distribution, generate economic growth in rural areas and maintain or improve natural resources. The literature on forest management and planning has improved land-related information systems, allowing policy-makers to design and implement future policies on the allocation of forestland uses, and to forecast the land requirements of the target population more closely. The aim of this article is to empirically examine and validate the temporal and spatial land use changes and the socioeconomic effects linked to field-afforestation on private lands in the province of Lugo (Galicia, Northern Spain) at the municipal, parish and individual farm holding levels. Two main top-down field-afforestation programmes are reviewed in the study area: the national programme of public afforestations started with the implementation of Ley de Patrimonio Forestal del Estado (National Forest Estate Act; NFE) from 1941 to 2000, and the European aid scheme for forestry measures established under European Council Regulation No. 2080/1992 from 1993 to 1997. The results of a survey, targeted at 1355 farmers and conducted through questionnaires in the province of Lugo in 2004, complete the analysis of public intervention in forest management. The results indicate that the specific social, economic and environmental context of an agricultural and forestry area involves a differential heritage of land customs that determines a differential response model to forest programmes of land allocation and planning. Therefore, this must not be underestimated by the quantitative or qualitative general objectives of large-scale policies.     

Fiscal stimuli in the form of job creation subsidies

This paper examines the effects of fiscal stimuli in the form of job creation subsidies in a DSGE model with search friction and endogenous job separation. We consider two types of job creation subsidies: a subsidy for the cost of posting vacancies and a hiring subsidy. This paper finds that the effects of job creation subsides on unemployment differ between models with and without endogenous job separation. While a positive job creation subsidy shock lowers unemployment in a model without endogenous job separation, it increases unemployment in a model with endogenous job separation. We also find that while qualitatively the effects of a vacancy cost subsidy on the economy are similar to those of a hiring subsidy, quantitatively they are different.     

政府与民办养老机构互动机理及管理策略研究

文章通过建立民办养老机构与政府的博弈模型，探讨政府补贴与民办养老机构定价的关系，以及单层级服务与多层级服务选择问题，分析相关因素变化对政府与民办养老机构所带来的影响。结果表明，民办养老机构选择多层级模式时，应适当拉开服务水平层级差距；养老需求水平较高时，多层级模式优于单层级模式，养老需求水平较低时，单层级模式优于多层级模式；老年人的机构养老服务偏好越大，选择多层级模式对政府及民办养老机构越有利；高服务成本的养老机构宜选择单层级模式，低服务成本的养老机构宜选择多层级模式。     

A Comparative Static Analysis of European Union Tariff and Support Policies for Canned Pears

Abstract

A nonlinear, partial equilibrium, Armington model of the European Union canned pear market was built and simulated for reductions in specific EU policies and for reductions in selected combinations of these policies relevant to canned pears: import tariffs, factor subsidies, and an output subsidy. Effects of these policy reductions on the following EU canned pear market variables were comparatively analyzed: own-product consumption, imports, exports, and price. Comparative analyses of these policy-specific effects were conducted from two viewpoints: the absolute magnitudes of completely eliminating, and the marginal effects of incrementally reducing, the EU policies and policy combinations. Among other findings, results suggest that EU tariff reduction enhances EU imports more than EU subsidy reduction, and that EU subsidy reduction increases EU prices more effectively than reducing EU tariffs.     

城市公交成品油价格补助政策浅析

为消化油价调整给公交行业带来的成本负担,国家于2006年开始出台了一系列成品油价格补助政策,给予城市公交企业成品油价格补助。本文根据成品油价格补助政策产生的原因及现状,分析目前成品油价格补助政策存在的问题,并为成品油价格补助政策的有效实施提出建议。     

The incentive for export subsidies under imperfect competition

By taking into account factor market interactions, the theory of strategic trade policies can consistently explain the fact that less efficient countries offer greater export subsidies to the most technologically advanced industries because in these countries there may be greater differences in efficiency of production technology between industries than in more efficient countries.     

退耕还林工程成本补助:性质、结构及有效分担

阐明退耕还林工程的成本构成、补助性质和分担情况;对工程成本资金管理和运作责任主体不明确、补助成本结构设置不尽合理、退耕农户成本总体弥补不足的问题突出、地方政府在退耕还林中实际负担过多成本以及补助期偏短、配套基础建设进展缓慢、培育替代产业难度大等退耕还林工程成本补助管理及成本分担问题进行深入剖析;提出退耕还林工程成本有效分担的原则、财政职责在政府间的合理分配、保证退耕还林工程区地方政府正常工程管理工作运转的资金需要、兼顾效率原则和改进成本补助资金方法等创新退耕还林工程成本分担机制,优化政府间财政措施的建议。     

中央财政森林保险保费补贴六省试点调研报告

为加快森林保险的发展,根据党中央、国务院有关文件精神,中央财政自2009年7月1日起在福建、江西和湖南三省启动了森林保险保费补贴试点工作,2010年7月1日起试点省又增加了浙江、辽宁和云南三省。我们通过书面调研、实地座谈、深入访谈等方式对试点六省的试点工作进展情况进行了较为广泛和深入的调查研究。同时,对11省的林业部门和人保财险17个省公司开展了问卷调查,并对问卷调查结果进行了统计分析。通过调查研究,总结了中央财政森林保险保费补贴政策试点以来取得的成效和存在的问题,分析了造成问题的原因,并在此基础上提出了政策建议。     

陕西省纺织企业可持续增长与财政补贴关系研究

本文以陕西省12家纺织企业2009年的观测值为样本,对企业的可持续增长及其获得的财政补贴的相关性进行研究。结果表明:陕西省纺织企业的可持续增长率与财政补贴金额呈显著正相关。另外,企业规模、企业成立年限与财政补贴金额正相关,营业收入增长率与财政补贴金额负相关。