浅谈经济利润对企业绩效的评价

在现实生活中,企业的经营目标是多元化的,而利润是最具有代表性的,它对企业经营绩效和决策的评价有着重要影响。本文从经济学的角度比较会计利润和经济利润对企业经营绩效和决策的评价。     

新制度经济学中的产业组织理论探析

新制度经济学将产业组织理论研究重点深入到企业内部,认为企业的适度边界不单纯由技术因素决定,而是由技术、交易费用和组织费用等因素共同决定,从而将原有的企业和市场二层次分析框架提升为市场、中间性组织和企业的三层次分析框架。新制度经济学从企业“黑箱”内部的企业代理成本、产权结构、组织结构的变化来分析企业行为,以及它们对市场绩效的影响,深化了产业组织理论研究。     

三种IP VPN技术实现方案的比较研究

VPN是企业内部网在因特网等会共网络上的延伸。通过一个私用的通道采建立一个安全的私有连接,将运程用户、公司分支机构、公司的业务伙伴等跟公司的内部网连接起来。构成一个扩展的公司企业网。通过虚拟专用网络既实现了传统专用网络所需的性能,同时相对于传统的专用网络又大大降低了网络的运营成本。对VPN技术的原理进行分析研究,可以充分发挥其优势,为企业的现代化管理与经营服务。     

传统图书馆与数字图书馆的成本差异与利用

本文从建设成本与运行费用两方面分析传统图书馆与数字图书馆的差异,明确指出传统图书馆空间要求大,人员费用高,但有较大的文献价值;数字图书馆技术含量高,设备投入大,需要素质较高的员工.这些特点决定了两种图书馆都会长期存在,而传统图书馆重在保护文献,数字图书馆重在普及利用;数字图书馆适合各种新型数据,传统图书馆适合保存纸质文档.     

THE GENERAL STRUCTURE OF OPTIMAL INVESTMENT AND CONSUMPTION WITH SMALL TRANSACTION COSTS

We investigate the general structure of optimal investment and consumption with small proportional transaction costs. For a safe asset and a risky asset with general continuous dynamics, traded with random and time‐varying but small transaction costs, we derive simple formal asymptotics for the optimal policy and welfare. These reveal the roles of the investors' preferences as well as the market and cost dynamics, and also lead to a fully dynamic model for the implied trading volume. In frictionless models that can be solved in closed form, explicit formulas for the leading‐order corrections due to small transaction costs are obtained.     

Product Patent Reform and its Impact on Korea's Pharmaceutical Industry

Our analysis focuses on the effect of U.S. government pressure on Korea to adopt product patents for chemical and pharmaceutical products. American pressure began in November 1985 and ended with the Korean Legislature's passage of a new patent law in December 1986. We conduct an event study of the effect of the new patent law on the value of Korean pharmaceutical firms listed on the Korea Stock Exchange. Regression analysis shows that the new law induced excess returns of-74 percent over the 14-month analysis period. The results suggest that adoption of stronger patent laws reduced Korea's wealth. [G14, O34]     

低碳与高成本运行环境下的广东物流产业升级路径与对策

在阐述广东省物流产业现状的基础上,分析了低碳经济政策、高油价、高路桥费的物流产业运行环境和产业结构调整给广东物流业带来的压力与挑战,认为在全球物流价值链中从功能操作向一体化集成物流发展将是广东物流产业升级的路径与方向,文章最后还就广东物流产业升级问题提出了相应的对策与建议。     

STRUCTURAL VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIONS: CHECKING IDENTIFYING LONG‐RUN RESTRICTIONS VIA HETEROSKEDASTICITY

Long‐run restrictions have been used extensively for identifying structural shocks in vector autoregressive (VAR) analysis. Such restrictions are typically just‐identifying but can be checked by utilizing changes in volatility. This paper reviews and contrasts the volatility models that have been used for this purpose. Three main approaches have been used, exogenously generated changes in the unconditional residual covariance matrix, changing volatility modelled by a Markov switching mechanism and multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models. Using changes in volatility for checking long‐run identifying restrictions in structural VAR analysis is illustrated by reconsidering models for identifying fundamental components of stock prices.     

On the welfare costs of business-cycle fluctuations and economic-growth variation in the 20th century and beyond

The main objective of this paper is to propose a novel setup that allows estimating separately the welfare costs of the uncertainty stemming from business-cycle fluctuations and from economic-growth variation, when the two types of shocks associated with them (respectively, transitory and permanent shocks) hit consumption simultaneously. Separating these welfare costs requires dealing with degenerate bivariate distributions. Levi's Continuity Theorem and the Disintegration Theorem allow us to adequately define the one-dimensional limiting marginal distributions. Under Normality, we show that the parameters of the original marginal distributions are not affected, providing the means for calculating separately the welfare costs of business-cycle fluctuations and of economic-growth variation.Our empirical results show that, if we consider only transitory shocks, the welfare cost of business cycles is much smaller than previously thought. Indeed, we found it to be negative – −0.03% of per-capita consumption! On the other hand, we found that the welfare cost of economic-growth variation is relatively large. Our estimate for reasonable preference-parameter values shows that it is 0.71% of consumption – US$ 208.98 per person, per year.     

FROM INSTITUTIONS TO FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH: WHAT ARE THE LINKS?

This paper presents an integrated overview of the literature linking institutions, financial development, and economic growth. From the large body of research on institutional development, the paper first selects those contributions that make it possible to study the role of institutional arrangements in ameliorating/worsening the information frictions and transaction costs that characterize the development of financial markets. The paper then investigates the theoretical mechanisms by which these specific frictions affect economic growth and presents the stock of empirical evidence quantifying the impact of institutions on growth through financial development.