现代企业资源计划(ERP)应用研究

ERP是一种跨越多个企业、多种环境并具有统一的数据库、界面和特定应用功能的企业信息管理系统。本文认为,定制开发模式、分布式应用和体系化管理模式、以业务流程重组为基础构建的ERP模式是几种适合我国企业经营特点和发展需要的开发应用模式;我国企业要成功运用ERP,应转变经营观念,具备新的管理思想和经营理念;重视实施ERP过程中人的因素;选择适合的ERP软件;在实施ERP过程中及时评价实施效果。     

基于核心竞争力的区域物流可持续性发展研究

本文认为,区域物流的可持续发展必须建立在明确区域核心竞争力的基础上,并为增强这种竞争力服务。对区域物流可持续发展的研究由两个系统及其相互关系构成。一是评价系统,二是现象系统。前者分析了影响区域物流竞争的四大因素,为构建区域物流核心竞争力提供参考;后者根据明确化了的问题以及所设定的区域物流可持续发展的目的或需要规划的课题,对与物流紧密相关的社会现象、经济现象和自然现象等进行调查与分析,并对必要的现象进行预测。理想的状况是二者的融合与促进。     

新区域主义理论脉络及研究动态述评

随着"新区域主义"的发展,区域经济一体化理论的研究试图超越基于比较优势、资源重新配置和效率的传统分析框架,探讨生产要素的配置效率以外的因素,如贸易与生产率的关系、动态比较优势和贸易需求增加带来的效率增加等。对传统一体化理论研究框架和"新区域主义"的理论和实证研究进行了梳理,特别是从贸易生产率关系、不完全竞争、投资效应、利益集团与政治经济学理论的发展趋势方面进行了综述。     

Simultaneous Adjustment of Quantities and Prices: An Example of Hamiltonian Dynamics

In a well-known essay first published in 1953, Goodwin analyzed the dynamic adjustment of quantities and prices to long-run equilibrium values, in a set ofn ‘Walrasian’ markets. He treated the crossed adjustment of prices and quantities as a linear Hamiltonian vector field. In more recent work, Goodwin introduced non-linear perturbations in his multi-sectoral adjustment model. He assumed that real consumption depends non-linearly on relative prices. This paper shows the following: (1) Goodwin's behavioural hypotheses are compatible with the assumption that agents maximize; (2) if the dynamic process is Hamiltonian, then symplectic coordinate changes are essential tools of analysis; (3) if the real wage is rigid and returns to scale are not constant, then the Hamiltonian model can generate chaotic transients or, in extreme cases, pure chaotic motions.     

汽车空调风道出风情况的CFD分析与优化

文章建立了某车型汽车空调风道结构的三维数学模型,利用商业软件Fluent进行模拟,得到了风道出风口风量大小和风量的分配情况,并与设计值进行了比较;在此基础上,分析了风道出口扫风情况,提出了解决方案,对改进和优化风道结构,提高汽车空调整体性能具有一定的参考价值。     

Fiscal Stimulus in Times of High Debt: Reconsidering Multipliers and Twin Deficits

We investigate the impact of fiscal stimuli at different levels of the government debt‐to‐GDP ratio for a sample of 17 European countries from 1970 to 2010. This is implemented in an interacted panel VAR framework in which all coefficient parameters are allowed to change continuously with the debt‐to‐GDP ratio. We find that responses to government spending shocks exhibit strong nonlinear behavior. While the overall cumulative effect of a spending shock on real GDP is positive and significant at moderate debt‐to‐GDP ratios, this effect turns negative as the ratio increases. The total cumulative effect on the trade balance as a share of GDP is negative at first but switches sign at higher levels of debt. Consequently, depending on the degree of public indebtedness, our results accommodate long‐run fiscal multipliers that are greater and smaller than one or even negative as well as twin deficit and twin divergence behavior within one sample and time period. From a policy perspective, these results lend additional support to increased prudence at high public debt ratios because the effectiveness of fiscal stimuli to boost economic activity or resolve external imbalances may not be guaranteed.     

Simulación de la tasa de reciclaje de productos electrónicos Un modelo de dinámica de sistemas para la red de logística inversa

Current trends in the development and innovation of information technologies and shorter life cycles of electronic products have resulted in the generation of large amounts of waste (e-waste) which can potentially cause environmental problems due to the toxicity of some of their components. The e-waste problematic has attracted the attention of governments, companies and consumers that look to identify strategies for the management and proper disposal of e-waste with the goal to protect the environment. This work uses the methodology of system dynamics to simulate how the rate of products returned by individuals and the amount of computers recovered in an open-loop reverse supply chain, varies under different scenarios. The simulated scenarios correspond to the possible combinations of five macro factors: rate of innovation and product life cycle, information available to consumers about e-waste recycling, legislation, e-waste programs structure along with diffusion and publicity efforts. The results of the simulation are relevant to identify over which factors it is convenient to intervene to increase the amount of recycled computers because this amount represents a reduction in the volume of e-waste and an enterprise opportunity to generate earnings from recycling computers.     

Reconceptualizing competitive dynamics: A multidimensional framework

Competitive dynamics research, despite progress, lacks a conceptual framework that can extend the field's reach to address today's environment. Increasing stakeholder power and globalization are but two of the organizational and economic forces compelling a broader conceptualization of competition. Our framework expands competitive dynamics along five dimensions—aims of competition, mode of competing, roster of actors, action toolkit, and time horizon of interaction—that prove useful for contrasting the rivalrous and competitive‐cooperative modes and a new approach we call relational competition. We draw conjectures about the moderators, such as industry and culture, that determine the appropriateness of these forms of interaction, and conclude by relating our method to three discrete perspectives: the configurational, transaction cost, and stakeholder views. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development and implementation of customer solutions: A study of process dynamics and market shaping

A broad, dynamic network perspective on solution processes remains scarce. This article presents the process of developing and implementing customer solutions and its effects on the wider business environment by investigating customers and suppliers in the global mining industry (Australia, Chile, and Sweden), analyzing the deployment of a new customer solution, and assessing the changes to the competitive environment and focal firms' relationships with other customers and suppliers. It shows that the forces that drive customer and supplier interests and motivation to co-develop customer solutions may change over time, thus redefining the aim and scope of solutions and creating failure risks. Customers present problems; suppliers respond, on the basis of not only the feasibility of the customer-specific solution but also of their evaluation of future solutions in a broader market; then suppliers aim to standardize successful solutions across markets. Customers want close supplier relationships and unique solutions but also like standardized and repeatable solutions, so they can share development costs with competitors and expose the supplier to competition to avoid lock-in effects. From a network perspective, a novel solution can have a market-shaping effect and evoke reactions from other actors who want to enhance their market position. However, these changes are not necessarily deliberate, and the dynamics that market introductions of solutions trigger may be difficult to predict.     

Multimarket Contact and Rivalry over Knowledge‐based Resources

Research summary: Research shows that multimarket contact (MMC ) reduces rivalry involving downstream activities. Yet, studies showing that MMC can increase the threat of imitation suggest a need to better understand how MMC affects upstream rivalry over knowledge‐based resources. In this study, we argue that MMC increases rivalry over knowledge‐based resources since the deterrent threat of retaliation that typically leads to mutual forbearance in downstream activities will not be sufficient to restrain firms from protecting their knowledge from imitation in upstream activities. In support of these arguments we find that MMC increases the likelihood that a firm initiates patent litigation against a rival. This study suggests the relationship between MMC and rivalry may depend on the competitive domain and the type of resources over which firms are competing . Managerial Summary: How does market overlap or MMC affect rivalry between two competitors? Prior studies have largely found that an increase in market overlap decreases rivalry in less knowledge‐intensive context because of the deterrent threat of retaliation. However, in this paper, we argue that an increase in market overlap may not reduce rivalry in more knowledge‐intensive context because of heterogeneity in capabilities to protect knowledge. We find that a firm is more likely to initiate patent litigation against a rival as market overlap increases. Our findings suggest that the incentive to protect value across multiple product markets may surpass the motivation to cooperate with rivals and that managers should have a more nuanced view of how market overlap with competitors affects rivalry in more knowledge‐intensive contexts . Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.