Key Construction Techniques for the 0 # Section of the No. 3 Continuous-Beam Bridge at Huangfangxi

对悬臂施工连续梁桥，0#段是施工的起始段，是安装挂篮的基础，由于施工不平衡力矩以及0#段本身结构的复杂性，施工难度较大。向莆铁路黄坊溪3#大桥连续梁0#段采用垂32mm精轧螺纹钢筋加砼支墩的临时锚固措施、利用墩梁间净空设置底托架法的施工技术，保证了该桥0#段施工的顺利完成，为后续连续梁悬臂浇筑施工创造了条件。为类似工程实施提供借鉴。     

引滤反堵法灌浆技术在封堵工程中的应用

在高水头压力、大流量下采用引滤反堵法灌浆技术进行堵漏施工取得了良好的效果，为今后类似工程提供了很好的经验参考。     

西安道路临时停车收费问题探析

随着私家车的日益增多，交通的压力越来越大，车路矛盾越来越突出，而西安道路临时停车收费中存在的最大问题是停车难。停车场的管理也比较混乱、松散，乱收费现象严重，且收费标准缺乏科学合理性。规范西安道路临时停车收费，其收费标准的制定要科学合理、便民利民、依法规范、公开透明、简便易行，具有前瞻性。     

连续梁0号块临时固结施工技术

改建铁路宁启线扬州至海安段复线电气化改造工程新三阳河特大桥(40+72+40)m连续梁跨越新三阳河。连续梁主墩位于河道中,且连续梁纵向中心线与主墩纵向中心线存在15°夹角,临时固结体系如何设置是本桥0号块施工的一项重要内容,更是0号块施工的关键工序之一。本文主要介绍墩梁斜交情况下连续梁0号块临时固结体系设计、结构验算以及施工注意事项,可为同类桥梁结构提供有益的参考。     

Temporary workers: Employee rights and employer responsibilities

As the number of temporary workers in the U.S. has increased dramatically over the past ten years, so, too, has social policy concent over the rights of temporary employees in the workplace and the responsibilities of employing organizations to them. This article first reviews the extent to which temporary workers can be considered “employees” of organizations and thereby be extended the same rights and protections as permanent, full-time employees. Then, the article reviews the current state of case law on the most salient legal issues pertaining to the treatment of temporary workers: discrimination, pay and fringe benefits, worker’s compensation, occupational safety and health, and union activity. The article concludes with the managerial implications of current labor law for compliance with legislative and judicial mandates.     

Temporary work and neoliberal government policy: evidence from British Columbia,Canada

We examine the impact of government policy on the incidence of temporary work by analysing the case of British Columbia (BC), Canada. The analysis is based upon the Canadian Labour Force Survey 1997–2004; temporary work is defined as work that is not expected to last for more than 6 months and includes seasonal, fixed‐term, casual, and temporary help agency work. A case study of BC provides a valuable opportunity to assess the impacts of neoliberal government policy, designed to increase labour market flexibility, on the extent of temporary work because we are able to compare labour market trends in BC both before and after the reforms introduced in 2001 and to compare BC with other provinces in Canada that were not subject to such large changes in their policy environments. We find that the shift to neoliberal policies in BC led to significant increases in the likelihood of workers finding themselves in temporary employment. We also find that the likelihood of being a temporary worker in BC in the post‐policy change period increases relative to all other provinces over the same period. Taken together, these results indicate that government policy is a key determinant of the level of temporary work. As such, the level of temporary work should be seen as a policy‐sensitive variable, rather than as a phenomenon determined solely by the exogenous forces of globalization and technological change.     

The Interrelationship of Governance,Trust, and Ethics in Temporary Organizations

This study investigates the variety of ethical decisions of project managers and their impact from corporate governance and project governance structures. The roles of personal trust and system trust as a mechanism to steer ethical decision making in different governance settings is explored. Nine qualitative case studies in Europe, Asia, and Australia show that ethical decision making is contingent on trust, which in turn is contingent on the fulfillment of personal expectations within a given governance structure. The findings show the prerequisites for ethical decision making and the consequences of lack of trust. Further managerial and theoretical implications are discussed.     

Entrepreneurial size,complexity and decentralization of decision-making in the use of temporary help workers in Spain

Using data from a postal survey of Spanish firms, the present work, as its main objective, tries to evaluate the effect of entrepreneurial size, degree of decentralization in decision-making and vertical complexity on the use of temporary help workers. As complementary objectives, it also seeks to confirm the effect of entrepreneurial size on elements of the organizational structure, such as decentralization in decision-making, and on vertical complexity. To respond to the hypotheses, a LISRE model has been used. The results show that entrepreneurial size and degree of decentralization positively affect the frequency with which companies use temporary help workers. In contrast, vertical complexity negatively affects the use of this type of worker. On the other hand, it is confirmed that entrepreneurial size positively affects decentralization in decision-making and vertical complexity.     

Balancing psychological contracts: Validation of a typology

In this study, a psychological contract typology based on both content and exchange balance was developed. Content was defined along the transactional-relational dimension. Balance was assessed by comparing employees' perceptions on the number of employees' obligations relative to employer's obligations. Furthermore, the typology was related to type of employment contract (temporary versus permanent) as perhaps the most important antecedent of psychological contracts, and to various psychological consequences (job satisfaction, life satisfaction, organizational commitment, and psychological contract violation). Results were based on Belgian and German data (N = 1267). Latent Class Analyses suggested four psychological contract types which are clearly distinct with regard to content terms and exchange balance: mutual high obligations, employee over-obligation, employee under-obligation and mutual low obligations. Temporary workers were more likely to hold psychological contracts with few employer obligations, such as the mutual low obligations and the employee over-obligation type. Finally, the mutual high obligations type was most beneficial in terms of psychological outcomes. Implications for future research are discussed.     

持久收入理论与我国城乡居民消费——基于省际面板数据的检验

本文运用基于持久收入和暂时收入的两种分解方法的省际面板模型检验了持久收入理论的三个假设。结果发现,我国城镇和农村居民消费与其持久收入均显著相关。我国城镇居民消费与其暂时收入显著相关;安徽、黑龙江、吉林、陕西、甘肃、青海、云南和海南等省农村居民的暂时收入的边际消费倾向等于零,而其他省份的不等于零。"λ假说"检验表明,我国城镇和农村居民消费对当期收入都是过度敏感的,导致PIH的局限性。选择误差修正项的绝对值表征不确定性和远期的流动性约束对城镇(或农村)居民消费的影响,计量结果显示,不确定性和远期的流动性约束对城镇(或农村)居民消费产生了明显的负面影响。农村居民的预防性储蓄动机强度大于城镇居民。