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141.
文章运用处理效应(treatment effect)模型,从财务困境视角研究了政府干预对管理者自利行为的影响。研究发现,当政府干预程度较低时,相对于未发生财务困境的公司,困境公司管理者的自利行为会有所减弱;但当政府干预程度增强时,困境公司管理者自利行为减弱的程度将趋缓。对于政府控制的公司,当金融机构信贷决策受到政府干预的影响较弱时,财务困境期间管理者自利行为会有所减弱;随着政府对金融机构信贷决策干预程度的加强,困境公司管理者自利行为趋于严重。对于非政府控制的公司,困境期间管理者自利行为对金融机构信贷决策的自主性并不敏感。 相似文献
142.
143.
Ana Clara Kneese Virgilio do Nascimento Joyce Maria Annichino-Bizzacchi Claudia de Alvarenga Maximo Eimy Minowa Guilherme Silva Julian 《Journal of medical economics》2017,20(8):884-892
Aims: Although several therapeutic options are available for chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (cITP), little is known about the treatment of cITP in Brazil.Materials and methods: A multi-center, retrospective chart review, observational study was designed to describe the treatment patterns, clinical burden, resources use, and associated costs for adult patients diagnosed with cITP and treated in public and private institutions in Brazil. Patient charts were screened in reverse chronological order based on their last visit post January 1, 2012. (All costs were calculated using 1.00 USD?=?3.9571 BRL, from February 2016.)Results: Of 340 patient charts screened, 50 patients were eligible for inclusion in the study. Single-drug therapy (prednisone, dexamethasone, or dapsone) was the most commonly used treatment, followed by combination therapies (azathioprine?+?prednisone, azathioprine?+?prednisone?+?danazol, and prednisone?+?dapsone). Splenectomy was performed in 22% of patients after at least first-line treatment. Platelet count and number of bleeding episodes at diagnosis were 31,561.1/mm3 (SD?=?±26,396.1) and 40 episodes, respectively; in first-line, 92,631.1/mm3 (SD?=?±79,955.3) and 19 episodes, respectively; in second-line, 96,950.0/mm3 (SD?=?±76,476.4) and 17 episodes, respectively. Private system patients had a higher median cost compared to public system patients (USD 17.49/month, range?=?0–2,020.77 vs USD 9.51/month, range?=?0–192.64, respectively).Limitations: This study does not allow conclusions for causal explanations due to the cohort study design, and treatment patterns represent only the practices of physicians who have agreed to participate in the study.Conclusions: The data indicate that available therapeutic strategies for second- and third-line therapies appear to be limited. 相似文献
144.
基于New-Cost-DEA模型的污水处理企业成本效率研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,中国污水处理企业的数量迅速增加,污水处理能力不断提高,但仍存在运行效率低下的问题。本文运用New-Cost-DEA模型,构建污水处理企业运行成本效率模型,测算13座污水处理企业的运行成本效率,并对运行成本进行分解,寻找造成运行成本损失的原因。结果显示:影响污水处理企业成本效率的因素不仅和投入要素数量有关,而且与投入要素价格有关;污水处理企业的成本效率低,是由于价格因素和配置效率引起的,需要通过降低投入要素的价格和对投入要素进行优化组合来降低运行成本,提高运行效率。 相似文献
145.
In this paper we examine semiparametric efficiency bounds and efficient estimators for the case of a linear local instrument variable (LIV) model under the assumptions studied in Abadie et al. (2002). We apply the semiparametrically efficient estimation method to analyze the relation between bid dispersion and early bidding in an online auction dataset, which is collected from a natural experiment conducted in Nekipelov (2007). The results confirm the theoretical findings developed in Nekipelov (2007). The semiparametric efficient estimation procedure substantially improves the statistical significance of the effect of jump bidding on bid dispersion. 相似文献
146.
文章以广(州)梧(州)高速公路河口至双凤段大庆桥的工程为例,总结了2条桩底存在相互连通的地下暗河的情况下,对其进行综合加固处理的施工经验,并介绍了灰岩地区桩底暗河的探查、机理分析及具体处理措施。 相似文献
147.
入世需要国民待遇立法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
陈俊 《中央财经大学学报》2001,(9):52-55
入世对我国有关国民待遇的法制制度提出了立、改、废之要求。文章具体从WTO国民待遇原则的要求、国民待遇需要先行存在反垄断立法、国民待遇需要外资准入立法、国民待遇需要外资产业政策更新的立法跟进四个方面展开实证论述。 相似文献
148.
纳米TiO_2的表面处理方法及改性效果表征 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:9
分析了纳米 TiO_2 的团聚与分散机理 ,介绍了纳米 Ti O_2 的表面处理方法及表面处理效果的表征方法。 相似文献
149.
Aims: Subdermal implantable buprenorphine (BSI) was recently approved to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) in clinically-stable adults. In the pivotal clinical trial, BSI was associated with a higher proportion of completely-abstinent patients (85.7% vs 71.9%; p?=?.03) vs sublingual buprenorphine (SL-BPN). Elsewhere, relapse to illicit drug use is associated with diminished treatment outcomes and increased costs. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of BSI vs SL-BPN from a US societal perspective.Methods: A Markov model simulated BSI and SL-BPN cohorts (clinically-stable adults) transiting through four mutually-exclusive health states for 12 months. Cohorts accumulated direct medical costs from drug acquisition/administration; treatment-diversion/abuse; newly-acquired hepatitis-C; emergency room, hospital, and rehabilitation services; and pediatric poisonings. Non-medical costs of criminality, lost wages/work-productivity, and out-of-pocket expenses were also included. Transition probabilities to a relapsed state were derived from the aforementioned trial. Other transition probabilities, costs, and health-state utilities were derived from observational studies and adjusted for trial characteristics. Outcomes included incremental cost per quality-adjusted-life-year (QALY) gained and incremental net-monetary-benefit (INMB). Uncertainty was assessed by univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA).Results: BSI was associated with lower total costs (?$4,386), more QALYs (+0.031), and favorable INMB at all willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds considered. Higher drug acquisition costs for BSI (+$6,492) were outpaced, primarily by reductions in emergency room/hospital utilization (?$8,040) and criminality (?$1,212). BSI was cost-effective in 89% of PSA model replicates, and had a significantly higher NMB at $50,000/QALY ($20,783 vs $15,007; p?.05).Conclusions: BSI was preferred over SL-BPN from a health-economic perspective for treatment of OUD in clinically-stable adults. These findings should be interpreted carefully, due to some relationships having been modeled from inputs derived from multiple sources, and would benefit from comparison with outcomes from studies that employ administrative claims data or a naturalistic comparative design. 相似文献
150.
本文分析了电子产品中使用的铍青铜材料出现的几种问题,通过对铍青铜热处理工艺的研究,找到了解决问题的方法。 相似文献