产业集群知识创新的重要观点

知识创新在促进经济发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用,产业集群是经济发展的重要载体,本文梳理了近年来国外学者关于产业集群知识创新研究的重要领域和观点,以期为促进国内经济发展提供研究支撑。本文首先从产业集群重点关注的外部性之一知识溢出入手,围绕本地嗡鸣和全球通道观点介绍国外学者的相关分析和思考;然后进一步将知识本身打开,列举不同的知识类型;接下来围绕知识的传递特性,介绍知识的网络结构;最后对知识的动态演变、创新过程、临近维度等其他重点领域相关内容和观点进行梳理。     

Gender,Decent Work,and Global Production Sharing in Indonesian Manufacturing

Abstract:

Global commodity chains reflect and affect gendered labor markets. This article uses the Decent Work framework from the International Labour Organization to analyze employment outcomes for Indonesian workers in manufacturing. This research investigates trends in feminized manufacturing sectors in variously sized firms. Regression analyses is used to evaluate how firm characteristics related to global production sharing effect decent work outcomes for women and men, as well as female share of employment itself. The results suggest that exports and FDI affect men and women differently and that feminization and decent work outcomes depend on how the sector is positioned along the global value chain.     

Financial Insecurity in a World of Plenty

Abstract

The U.S. economy is addicted to the simulative impacts of household borrowing. Household debt has grown dramatically since the 1990s and has served to mitigate the detrimental effects of stagnant household wages. The accumulation of this debt has also had the macroeconomic impact of stimulating the economy, pushing it closer towards full employment. However does full employment stimulated by household indebtedness actually represent economic progress? It is argued that even the poorest citizen in a modern industrialized society is better off than a king of feudal Europe, yet in the United States such material prosperity is often tied to social insecurity thanks to debt. The growth of this debt has been enabled by a financial system that has evolved dramatically over the past forty years. The U.S. financial system’s primary role is no longer to finance investment but is rather a tool that enables a separation of ownership from use. Debt has fueled corporate profits which have enriched the shareholding class while at the same time the system has reduced the financial security of the majority of workers. This article crystalizes these issues by analyzing the differentials in financial circumstances faced by workers and shareholders in several major U.S. firms.     

Information technology innovation and its impact on job creation by SMEs in developing countries: an analysis of the literature review

ABSTRACT

This study reviews the literature on the role of technology innovation in job creation through small businesses in developing countries. A seven-step approach to the literature review is used for synthesising relevant data. The results show that technology innovations influence employment creation in small businesses positively and act as a driving force for economic development. The effective use of information technology in small businesses has a major impact on their competitiveness and access to international markets. Thus, the need for the government to develop technology innovative strategies for small businesses to actualise their firm performance and enhance job creation is recommended. The findings and proposed theoretical model of the study enrich existing theories and would help policymakers understand the role of information technology innovation in job creation and economic development.     

供应商集中、公司治理与企业价值 ——基于我国A股制造业上市公司数据

本文通过选取2010—2017年我国A股制造业上市公司的数据,先研究公司供应商集中对于公司价值的直接影响,结论显示公司供应商集中对于企业价值有着负面的影响;然后在进一步研究中,探究了公司治理相关因素以及面临的融资约束情况对于公司供应商集中与公司价值关系的调节作用。实证结果显示,产权性质以及董事会独立性会对两者的关系产生影响;股东间的相互关联以及对于高管薪酬激励都对公司供应商集中与公司价值的关系有着负向的调节作用。与此同时公司面临的融资约束越小,公司供应商集中对于公司价值的负面效应越弱;最后利用多重中介效应模型探究了供应商集中的作用机制。     

贸易自由化与增加值贸易*——WTO对中国出口的真实影响

国际贸易的中间品贸易的兴起,使传统关境贸易统计无法准确衡量全球价值链下一国的实际贸易利得。本文基于增加值贸易视角重新评估加入WTO对于中国出口的真实影响,以及关境统计下WTO贸易促进作用与真实状况的偏离。基于引力模型的实证结果表明：（1）总体上,中国加入WTO显著促进其增加值出口,但关境统计明显高估了WTO贸易促进作用。（2）分行业看,WTO对中国增加值出口的贸易促进作用存在显著的行业差异：加入WTO显著地促进了中国非制造业工业、制造业和服务业增加值出口,却抑制了中国农林牧渔业的增加值出口。（3）进一步研究发现,关境统计数据对于WTO贸易促进作用的高估问题仅存在于制造业,对于农林牧渔业等其他三个行业反而存在低估问题。     

基于生态系统服务功能的森林社会效益价值评估——以云南省森林资源为例

森林除了具有经济价值和生态价值外,还具有基于生态系统服务功能所产生的社会效益价值。论文以云南省森林资源为例,采用房地产评估中常用的假设开发法为主要评估方法,结合森林资源所反映的社会效益价值增长特征,运用企业自由现金流量折现模型中的两阶段现金流折现模型,通过构建模型体系,分别从直接社会效益和间接社会效益两个维度对云南省森林资源的社会效益价值进行评估。其中,直接社会效益包括就业价值和景观游憩价值,间接社会效益包括科教价值、历史价值及文化价值,通过模糊综合评判计算各组成部分的不同影响权重得出直接和间接社会效益模型,以多元回归的方法构建森林生态总体社会效益价值模型并计算云南省森林社会效益价值。同时,将各部分价值结果分别与云南省第三产业GDP、人均GDP及云南省GDP进行对比分析,进而对云南省森林社会效益价值现有情况进行评价,并对今后的森林资源开发提出相关建议。     

对自然内在价值的自觉是生态文明的哲学基础

生态文明社会是继人类创造的原始文明、农业文明和工业文明之后的一种新型的文明形态,是人类社会发展规律的必然要求,是在工业文明发展的基础上对工业文明的辩证否定。人类具有内在价值,自然也具有内在价值,对自然价值的回归是生态文明社会建立的价值根据和哲学支持。     

网络钓鱼的攻击方式与识别技术

钓鱼网站是指攻击者利用各种手段仿冒正规的各类网站,目的是骗取用户的敏感信息,如用户的账号和密码,钓鱼网站已经严重威胁了用户的财产安全。本文通过分析网络钓鱼网站的攻击方式,阐述了网络钓鱼网站的识别方法,即根据钓鱼网站的网页的特征,构建钓鱼网站的特征向量,通过已有的钓鱼网站检测特征对识别钓鱼网站的贡献度,确定各个特征向量的权重,再根据这些特征向量比较检测网页的相似度,从而能够鉴别钓鱼网站。     

基于双层通风玻璃幕墙的遮阳节能研究

本文主要分析了双层通风玻璃的优缺点,并在此基础上分析了双层通风玻璃在建筑物遮阳节能中的应用价值。