城市脆弱性驱动因子分析

介绍了城市生态脆弱性的定义、特征及其研究尺度,讨论了城市生态脆弱性评价的科学基础及目标,着重阐述了城市生态脆弱性评价的方法。城市生态脆弱性的综合评价必须包括暴露—压力、敏感性、恢复力三个范畴。建立了通用的压力—敏感性—恢复力概念框架。基于此框架,进行驱动力分析。     

Tempering effects of (dependent) background risks: A mean-variance analysis of portfolio selection

In a mean variance framework, we analyse risk taking in the presence of a (possibly) dependent background risk, exemplified in a linear portfolio selection problem. We first characterise the comparative statics of changes in the distribution and dependence structure of the background risk. For unfair, undesirable and loss-aggravating increases in background risks (both dependent and independent), we then present necessary and sufficient restrictions on preferences such that greater background uncertainty leads to reduced risk taking. With mean-variance preferences, these restrictions boil down to simple conditions on the marginal rate of substitution between risk and return. They can be easily related to familiar notions such as risk vulnerability, properness or standardness.     

Strategic Bundling of Development Policies with Adaptation: An Examination of Delhi's Climate Change Action Plan

A growing number of cities in the global South are taking proactive action on climate change. Their plans provide insights into the potential for strategically bundling long‐term development policymaking with the climate agenda. In this article I study the case of Delhi, the first city in India to adopt a climate change action plan. Drawing on the literature on urban ecological security, I examine: (1) the adaptation challenges that Delhi faces; (2) the multiple motivations that underlie early action; (3) the key actors, strategies, and associated action domains outlined in the plan; and (4) the extent to which the plan seeks to bring about systemic change. Proactive action at the city level serves multiple strategic goals. Delhi's case is significant in illustrating how it has leveraged emergent opportunities to advance its short‐term development agenda, given the tight fiscal constraints and governance challenges it faces. The plan has been strategically formulated to enhance competiveness, facilitate image‐building, garner support for pet projects and access alternative sources of funding. But the short‐term orientation of the plan and its limited mechanisms for citizen engagement have severely restrained its capacity to address underlying social vulnerabilities or bring about transformative change.     

An intersectionality framework for transformative services research

The authors introduce the theory of intersectionality which refers to the interactivity of social identities such as race, class, and gender in shaping individuals’ experiences. Intersectionality is explored using cases and examples from healthcare services, which involve high contact encounters with consumers who may possess multiple disadvantages (e.g. low income, illness, immigrant status) and therefore make for interesting contexts for intersectional analyses. Intersectionality is proposed as a framework that can shed light on the experiences of consumers who belong to multiple disadvantaged social groups, such as being black and low income, immigrant, and in poor health. Detailed guidelines for conducting intersectionality-driven services research are provided, which take into account the interconnected nature of multiple disadvantages. The authors emphasize that intersectionality offers a holistic look at the co-created nature of services and it can be instrumental in designing tailored and fair services to improve consumer and societal well-being.     

Unpacking the interplay between organisational factors and the economic environment in the creation of consumer vulnerability

ABSTRACT

Access to credit is a key enabler of modern life. Yet many consumers face factors beyond their control which sometimes render them unable to borrow from mainstream lenders. This paper documents how firm-related factors determine lending thresholds and shape who is, or is not, a creditworthy customer. The impact of the 2008 economic recession on lending decisions is explored, an aspect that has been insufficiently discussed even though recessions are cyclical events. Drawing on semiotics and using multiple case studies, the study captures not only the groups that were excluded but also the reasons for exclusion. Empirical support is offered for the notion of vulnerability as a fluid state and the role of the timing of decisions as a source of vulnerability is described.     

寻计残疾人家庭脱贫与小康建设———基于中残联抽样调查数据的实证研究

文章借助世界银行的家庭贫困脆弱性定义和家庭消费理论,使用2007-2012年残疾人联合会抽样调查数据,对7266个家庭户混合横截面数据进行了消费模型估计和贫困脆弱性计算,并对2010年国务院“两个建设”政策进行了效果评价。研究发现,该项政策实施后,残疾人家庭贫困脆弱性整体上明显降低。智力残疾、教育水平低、生活在西部地区以及农村的残疾人所在家庭贫困脆弱性较高,这种特性决定了政府在制定和贯彻残疾人扶持政策过程中应分类规划、区别对待。     

基于SPA的广东省区域经济脆弱性及障碍因素研究

运用集对分析法（SPA）从经济敏感性和应对性角度对广东省21个地级市经济脆弱性进行测度。研究表明：珠三角地区普遍具有较高应对性,但敏感性差别较大,其中深圳、中山、佛山因敏感性较低,经济表现出低脆弱性,而广州、东莞和珠海因敏感性较高,落入中等脆弱性区域。从广东欠发达地区看,东西两翼处于中等及较高脆弱性区域;山区普遍具有高敏感性和低应对性,其经济脆弱性最高。根据障碍因素分析,珠三角最主要障碍因素有R＆D经费/GDP、劳动生产率、消费率等,欠发达地区主要障碍因素是人均GDP、财政收入/GDP等。     

基于SD模型的装配式建筑供应链脆弱性研究

装配式建筑供应链的运作存在很多不确定性。为提高供应链管理效率,促进建筑业的发展,运用供应链运作参考(SCOR)模型对装配式建筑供应链脆弱因子进行识别,将装配式供应链系统划分为6个子系统;通过系统动力学（SD）模型对供应链脆弱性进行仿真。结果表明,装配制造流程是脆弱性最大的子系统,整个供应链的脆弱性随着建筑项目的推进而增大。     

Win32平台下缓冲区溢出模型及其对抗策略

文章引入了Serv_UMDTM漏洞实例,分析了该漏洞的特点,构建了对它的攻击程序。通过总结对此漏洞的攻击过程,提出了Windows系统下缓冲区溢出攻击的通用模型,并介绍了模型中各个模块的具体功能以及依据此模型进行攻击的一般流程,利用此模型建立了Real实例漏洞的攻击程序,展示了攻击模型的正确性和指导性,最后针对此模型提出了缓冲区溢出漏洞的防治方法和策略。