The reverse tragedy of the commons: an exploratory account of incentives for under-exploitation in an open innovation environment*

This paper presents an empirical account of a phenomenon that we refer to as the ‘reverse tragedy of the commons’ in open innovation. The name signifies the ‘under-exploitation’ of intellectual property (IP) under weak appropriability. The name is this graphic because the tragedy is costly, and can also render IP effectively worthless and block innovation in the short to medium term. We propose that the tragedy is borne out of the interaction between enterprise characteristics, a competitive setting and the framework that is set by the policy intervention. This finding is pertinent to policy-makers with regard to the design of research, development and innovation instruments, as well as managers who must determine how to implement open practices in innovation.     

Informality and mobility

Informality is a defining characteristic of labour markets in developing and transition countries. This paper analyzes patterns of mobility across different forms of formal and informal employment in Russia. Using the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey household panel we estimate a dynamic multinomial logit model with individual heterogeneity and correct for the initial conditions problem. Simulations show that structural state dependence is weak and that transition rates from informal to formal employment are not lower than from non-employment. These results lend support to the integrated view of the labour market.     

Can (unusual) weather conditions in New York predict South African stock returns?

This paper investigates the explanatory power of certain weather variables, measured as deviations from their monthly averages, in a leading international financial trading centre, i.e., New York, for South African stock returns, over the daily period January 2nd, 1973 to December, 31, 2015. The empirical results highlight that these unusual deviations of weather variables have a statistically significant negative effect on the stock returns in South Africa, indicating that unusual weather conditions in New York can be used to predict South African stock returns, which otherwise seems to be highly unpredictable. In fact, a forecasting exercise recommends that a trading rule that considers those weather variables through a GARCH modelling approach seems to outperform the random walk model and thus beat the market.     

以经济建设为中心是中国特色社会主义的永恒主题

文章从正确认识我国现阶段基本国情和阶段性特征，准确把握社会主义初级阶段乃至整个中国特色社会主义基本路线，深刻领会科学发展观和十七届五中全会精神三个方面，论证了以经济建设为中心是中国特色社会主义的永恒主题。     

道路车辆电器及电子设备供电环境条件标准的抛负载试验剖析

新版ISO标准已将车载电器及电子设备的抛负载瞬间脉冲试验归人道路车辆电器电子的供电环境条件和试验范畴。本文通过介绍一些标准起草中的技术背景和标准文字中的未尽之言，以及一些试验实践中应予把握的要点，从而对于国家标准的制定、相关榆测部门的检测能力提升，以及车辆电器及电子设备品质的监控质量的提升有所帮助。     

浙江传统制造产业群与专业市场互动发展研究

浙江传统制造产业群和专业市场之间已形成共生共荣、互动发展的关系,形成了浙江经济增长的长波效应。但面临全球产业转移和产业升级的挑战、高质量商品缺乏配套的市场销售机制的挑战和生产企业集团化与专业市场辐射面之间矛盾的挑战。应施以构建先进制造业基地,形成大产业区与大市场之间的良性互动;加大政府对市场建设的调控力度和形成以功能创新、转型和重组为主旋律的市场新机制,提高整体素质,取得更大的效益。     

我国中小企业技术创新支持体系现状与发展趋势

中小企业在国民经济中有着重要的地位 ,特别是在我国成为WTO成员方的大背景下 ,我国中小企业迎来了历史性的发展机遇。但不幸的是 ,每年都有大量的中小企业倒闭关门 ,或在勉强维持 ,这其中既有企业自身的因素 ,也有对中小企业技术创新把持不够的因素。根据中小企业技术创新支持体系现状及存在的问题 ,我国中小企业技术创新支持体系应走规范化、信息化和全球化的发展道路来构造适应我国具体国情的技术创新支持体系     

农村剩余劳动力迁移的充要条件分析——基于预期收入成本理论

笔者结合收益成本理论及托达罗模型,在对农民预期迁移收益和成本分析的基础上,通过调研数据,分别对就地和异地两种迁移方式以及迁移前后的收益进行对比分析。结论显示:第一,农村剩余劳动力就地迁移和异地迁移的最低期望月薪差值远远大于异地迁移成本;第二,农民对就地迁移和异地迁移的最低期望月收入分别是农民在农村剔除务工收入后人均月收入的3.42倍和4.80倍,这两个比例数值即是本文寻求的焦点——农村剩余劳动力迁移的充要条件,并且该比例数值可能会随着不同地区农村经济水平的提高而减小。     

农产品绿色供应链流通模式及运作流程研究

我国是农产品的生产和消费大国,随着农产品流通行业的迅猛发展,农产品安全及其所造成的环境污染问题越来越突出,农产品生产消费中的绿色化问题关系到经济的发展、环境的改善和国民的健康生活,本文认为,绿色供应链流通模式是解决这一问题的有效方式。文章首先对绿色供应链研究进行了综述,探讨了农产品绿色供应链流通模式的内涵;然后结合当前我国国情实际,提出了农产品绿色供应链流通构建模式,并从绿色设计、绿色采购、绿色生产、绿色营销和绿色物流五个方面分析了农产品绿色供应链的运作流程;文章最后提出,应从农产品流通信息体系、农产品物流体系、农产品标准化、政策扶持和供应链组织模式的优化等五个方面确保农产品绿色供应链流通模式的有效运行。     

对我国高校实行党委领导下的校长负责制的解读

党委领导下的校长负责制是党和国家对高校多年管理体制发展经验的科学总结。从我国具体国情和政治学角度来解读,坚持这一领导体制对于巩固执政党地位和构建社会主义和谐社会有着重大意义。从管理学角度来解读,必须坚持与时俱进的创新精神,在实践操作中进一步完善和创新这一领导体制。