税收执法提升了企业财务报告质量吗——基于“金税工程三期”的准自然实验

以2011~2018年中国A股上市公司为样本,以税务稽查系统改革\"金税工程三期\"为准自然实验,探讨税收执法的公司治理效应,采用双重差分模型,实证检验了金税工程三期改革对企业财务报告质量的影响。研究发现：金税工程三期改革显著提升了企业财务报告质量。金税工程三期改革的公司治理效应在治理环境较弱、信息透明度更低、融资需求更高的公司表现得更为显著。从作用机制来看,金税工程三期改革显著增强了税收执法力度,减少了企业的避税行为。     

我国债权人利益法律保护的评价体系研究

关于对债权人利益的法律保护评价,大多数文献都沿袭了LLSV的范式。该文发现这种范式并不完全适合像我国这样制度不断变迁的国家,因此对LLSV的评价体系进行了拓展,即,将除破产制度以外的合同制度、独立法人制度、信息制度、担保制度、信用制度纳入进来。在此基础上,对我国改革开放三十年来的债权人利益保护评价体系做了动态的考量,同时也对当前的这一制度状况进行了客观的评价。     

真实活动盈余管理影响审计师的风险决策吗？

以2000—2012年我国上市公司为样本,分析并检验客户公司的真实活动盈余管理对审计师风险决策的影响。研究发现：客户公司的真实活动盈余管理程度越大,审计师出具非标准审计意见的概率越大、审计收费越高,但和审计师变更没有显著关系。进一步研究还发现：在纵向上,随着法律制度不断完善,审计费用、非标准审计意见的概率和真实活动盈余管理程度之间的关系更敏感;在横向上,审计收费策略和非标准审计意见策略之间存在替代效应。     

对中国人民银行征信法规建设与执法效能的思考

征信法规建设的滞后使得中国人民银行分支机构征信工作缺乏法律依据,一定程度上制约了征信执法效能的发挥。为提高征信执法效能,应进一步完善《征信管理条例》并使之尽早出台,加快制定企业征信方面相关办法、《个人信用信息基础数据库管理办法》实施细则和信用评级方面相关办法等。     

论我国行政强制程序谦抑

在国家行政管理中,行政强制也是一种有限的社会资源。行政强制以及实施程序的谦抑性也就成为现代行政强制程序所追求的价值目标,也是行政强制立法者所应当具备的理念。程序的存在是对权力的规制、抑制、平衡、指引,程序强调限制恣意和防止权力滥用,可以防止立法或者行政机关觊觎专擅,侵害民权的坚实堡垒。我国行政强制法中所体现的程序谦抑,结合我国社会实践中特殊典型的案例,对我国行政强制程序进行研究思考,提出完善我国行政强制程序的谦抑性的构想。     

It's not what you know but who you know that's important: the influence of social networks on communities

Since its conception in 1945, the UK National Health Service (NHS) has been the focus of extensive political rhetoric regarding the involvement of patients and the public in the provision of health‐care services both locally and nationally. However, achieving substantial user involvement within local communities has proven to be a complex task. The exploratory research presented in this paper investigates the influence of social networks within local communities and its relevance for user involvement. Four main findings emerged: interviewees have strong informal social networks; there is a strong sense of generalized reciprocity; diversity is limited within the social groupings; and there exists a lack of trust in governmental institutions. With regards to health issues, there is an overriding feeling that ‘things like that should be left to the people who know’. If user involvement is to be achieved at the level envisioned by the UK government, achieving a greater relevance for users is essential.     

THE BENEFITS AND COSTS OF MONETARY UNION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA: A CRITICAL SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE

Abstract.  With the 14 members of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) having set the objective of adopting a common currency for the year 2018, an expanding empirical literature has emerged evaluating the benefits and costs of a common-currency area in Southern Africa. This paper reviews that literature, focusing on two categories of studies: (1) those that assume that a country's characteristics are invariant to the adoption of a common currency and (2) those that assume that a monetary union alters an economy's structure, resulting in trade creation and credibility gains. The literature reviewed suggests that a relatively small group of countries, typically including South Africa, satisfies the criteria necessary for monetary unification. The literature also suggests that, in a monetary union comprising all SADC countries and a regional central bank that sets monetary policy to reflect the average economic conditions (e.g. fiscal balances) in the region, the potential losses (i.e. higher inflation) from giving up an existing credible national central bank, a relevant consideration for South Africa, could outweigh any potential benefits of trade creation resulting from a common currency.     

论公证债权文书在融资担保业务中的正效用

在担保公司的业务实践中,如何最大限度的保护担保公司的追偿权,是一个至关重要却又困难重重的问题。按照《担保法》、《物权法》等相关法律的规定,担保公司可以与反担保人进行协商折价,或者以拍卖、变卖反担保物的形式实现债权。但在实践中,担保公司权益的实现需要通过诉讼(或者仲裁)、执行等司法阶段才能得以保障,使得担保公司的维权成本巨大。但是,公证债权文书却具有诉讼或者仲裁所不具备的独特优势,为担保公司的维权之路开辟了一条更为便捷、有效的新途径。     

Enforcing Emissions Trading when Emissions Permits are Bankable

We propose enforcement strategies for emissions trading programs with bankable emissions permits that guarantee complete compliance with minimal enforcement costs. Our strategies emphasize imperfect monitoring supported by a high unit penalty for reporting violations, and tying this penalty directly to equilibrium permit prices. This approach is quite different from several existing enforcement strategies that emphasize high unit penalties for emissions in excess of permit holdings. Our analysis suggests that a high penalty for excess emissions cannot be used to conserve monitoring effort, and that it may actually increase the amount of monitoring necessary to maintain compliance.The authors are grateful to Anthony Heyes and three anonymous referees for their valuable comments. Partial support for this research was provided by the Cooperative State Research Extension, Education Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station under Project No. MAS00871.