Niche firms,mass markets,and income across countries: Accounting for the impact of entry costs

I develop a model of monopolistic competition in which I distinguish between niche markets and mass markets, in the spirit of Holmes and Stevens, 2014. Firms choose between entering a small niche market with high markups or a large mass market with low markups. Entry costs and other distortions have a much greater impact on output in the niche market as the gains to specialization are high, relative to the mass market where varieties are highly substitutable. Calibrated to match data from U.S. manufacturing, the model generates an elasticity of total factor productivity with respect to entry costs almost twice that in a model that abstracts from heterogeneous markets. I use data on entry costs across countries to show entry costs alone can account for 23 percent of the cross-country variation in income per worker.     

浅谈企业文化建设的继承与创新

企业文化是企业的无形资产。在企业文化建设过程中,应该重视民族文化的基础作用,借鉴吸收其他民族和企业的优秀文化,有选择地吸收外来的企业文化。企业员工是创建企业文化的主体,要创造各种机会让全体员工参与进来,企业理念要得到员工的理解和认同,转化为员工的日常工作行为。要针对企业发展的具体情况,适时地赋予企业文化新内容,在求新求变中突出个性。     

山西省科技投入对科技型人才聚集效应的影响研究

区域科技投入是科技型人才发展的强力支撑,对科技型人才聚集效应的产生与提升具有重要影响。首先研究了科技型人才聚集效应、科技投入构成要素及其对科技型人才聚集效应的影响。在此基础上,对山西的科技政策投入、科技人才投入、科技基础设施投入和科技经费投入进行了分析,提出了优化山西省科技投入、提升山西省科技型人才聚集效应的对策建议,旨在推动山西省的科技进步和经济发展。     

“双创”时代高校创客空间的复杂适应系统分析及优化策略

“大众创业、万众创新”时代,创客空间建设已成为高校扶持大学生创业的主流模式和重要举措。基于复杂适应系统（CAS）理论,阐释了高校创客空间的开放性、非线性、自组织性和涌现性等系统特征,指出高校创客空间的演进过程包括接触和交互两个阶段,在其演进过程中,标识机制和积木机制扮演着重要角色。最后,从CAS视角提出促进高校创客空间发展和系统优化的建议。     

基层政府应对群体事件网络舆情管理策略

群体性事件近年来的扩大趋势已成为不争盼事实,这与中国当前正在经历的深层次全方位社会变迁有关。在有关群体性事件“新特点”的研究中,以网络为代表的新技术在群体性事件的诱发、促进、形成、激化抑或化解的过程中,开始扮演令人侧目的角色和作用。在一个信息化程度不断加深的中国,在一个网络社会,如果要想深化对群体性事件的进一步认识,如果要想实现更多群体性事件由“危”到“机”的转变,决不能忽略对群体性事件网络舆情的深入分析。本文在转型社会的历史场景下,通过对群体性事件中角色冲突的深入分析,从体制层面探求其产生和发展的社会根源,进而寻求解决群体性事件的制度化整合机制与协调机制;同时,文章分析了网络舆情在社会公共空间建设以及民意代表方面的特性。在此基础上,提出了基层政府应对群体事件网络舆情中存在的问题以及基层政府应对群体事件网络舆情的管理策略,并在转型社会的秩序构建层面做出了更深入的思考。     

论精英教育与创新型国家的建设

建设创新型国家是增强我国综合国力的必然要求,精英教育则是建设创新型国家的重要基础。在高等教育大众化的今天,我国精英教育既存在着与大众教育相互抑制的关系,也存在着不能适应建设创新型国家要求的问题。提出了要正确处理精英教育与大众教育之间的关系、在精英教育中要突出"产、学、研"相结合的教育思路、创新精英教育的教学内容和教学机制等对策。     

Modularity in building mass customization capability: The mediating effects of customization knowledge utilization and business process improvement

This study investigates the relationships among product/process modularity, organizational learning practices, and mass customization (MC) capability. Drawing on organizational learning theory, we propose that organizational learning practices help to embed the knowledge gained from modular design practices into organizational processes, enhancing MC capability. We empirically test the mediating effects of two organizational learning practices—customization knowledge utilization and business process improvement—on the relationship between product/process modularity and MC capability, using data collected from Chinese manufacturers. We find strong support for the mediating role of organizational learning practices in the relationship between modularity and MC capability. Our findings have implications for management strategies and point to directions for further research in this area.     

Product configuration,ambidexterity and firm performance in the context of industrial equipment manufacturing

The practice of configuring products to individual customer orders has found application in a variety of industry contexts, but little is known about the specific capabilities that firms develop to successfully compete when offering configurable products. Our research begins to fill this gap in the context of industrial equipment manufacturing. Drawing from the ambidexterity literature, we argue that firms have to balance dual goals of reducing variation and promoting variation in their product configuration activities by fostering two distinct firm-level capabilities: product configuration effectiveness (PCE) and product configuration intelligence (PCI). Specifically, we hypothesize that the simultaneous presence of PCE and PCI—that is, product configuration ambidexterity (PCA)—drives superior firm responsiveness and, indirectly firm sales and operating margin. However, we also contend that responsiveness gains through PCA can diminish with product complexity and can increase operating cost. We test these hypotheses by collecting both primary and secondary data from a sample of 108 European industrial equipment manufacturing firms. Results from our analyses indicate that PCA has an indirect effect through responsiveness on sales and operating cost but not on operating margin, with this effect diminishing with product complexity. Taken together, our results suggest that investment in developing PCA may represent a conundrum for industrial equipment manufacturing firms, because it translates into market but not financial advantages, and it is intertwined with product design decisions. We conclude this study with a discussion of the findings for theory and practice.     

基于ISM的大众创业影响因素层次结构研究

梳理了大众创业影响因素的相关研究文献,运用调查问卷和因子分析方法得出了山西省大众创业影响因子,并通过ISM方法构建了山西省大众创业影响因素的递阶结构模型,得到以下结论：政府政策与政府项目因子在大众创业进程中具有基础性作用;个人因子、市场条件因子与政府因子在大众创业过程中均发挥着重要作用;个人自身基础因子是引起大众创业活动的直接原因。从个人、市场、政府3个主体维度全面分析了影响全民创业的具体因素,以山西省为具体研究对象,揭示了大众创业影响因素间的作用机理并提出了相关建议。     

“双创四众”驱动制造业转型升级机理及创新模式研究

新常态下如何实现创新驱动制造业转型升级,受到学者普遍关注。“大众创业、万众创新”背景下制造业转型升级应以“互联网+制造业”为支撑平台,通过发展“众创、众包、众扶、众筹”等创新模式,实现制造业新旧动能转化,从全球价值链中低端向高端攀升,促进分享经济成长,构建完整的制造业创新生态圈。围绕创新驱动制造业升级转型,通过研究新常态下“双创四众”驱动制造业转型升级机理及路径模式,提出政策建议。