Environmental protection versus economic growth

This paper presents and analyses the differences in the eco-models implemented worldwide （such as whether and how carbon taxes being ＂recycled＂）, or in their efficiency parameters （inconsistent parameter values that account for different results）. This is the assumption that a real tradeoff exists between the production of environmental goods. The present article empirically proves that something must be given up in order to gain something else, and once equations are specified to trace out the path of the economy over time, the natural economic formulation of such equations will embody the notion of economic and bio-tradeoffs.     

THEORIES OF CHOICE UNDER IGNORANCE AND UNCERTAINTY

Abstract. In this paper, Knight's distinction between risk and uncertainty, and its significance for economic analysis are examined. The paper consists of a survey of some recent developments on the theory of choice under uncertainty and some applications of these theories to problems for which Bayesian Decision Theory has not proved entirely satisfactory. Two problems are examined in detail. The first is that of finance and insurance and the second is that of risktaking behaviour with special emphasis on lotteries.     

Optimal growth and impatience: A phase diagram analysis

When the time preference exhibits decreasing marginal impatience, the rate at which the discount function decreases plays a central role in the stability analysis. This paper shows that if the discount function is strictly decreasing, strictly convex and has a uniform bound on its first derivative, then the continuous-time, one-sector optimal growth problem has a unique steady state that exhibits the saddle-point property. Moreover, the phase diagram analysis is geometrically similar to the case of a constant discount rate. The proposed bounded slope assumption is inspired by and in direct contrast with Magill and Nishimura's "division of countries" example.     

On sustained economic growth with wealth effects

In a discounted one-sector convex model of optimal economic growth where utility may depend on both consumption and capital stock, I derive necessary and sufficient conditions for sustained growth (unbounded expansion of capital and consumption). Conditions for bounded growth and extinction are also outlined. Optimal paths may be non-monotone. Sustained growth may occur even though the asymptotic marginal productivity is less than the discount rate and may require the initial capital stock to be above a critical level. The behavior of the marginal rate of substitution between consumption and capital plays a crucial role in the conditions.     

全球生物仿制药市场的发展困难与机遇

目的:探讨发展生物仿制药的途径与策略。方法:分析发展生物仿制药的技术难题与商业障碍,结合现实状况讨论全球生物仿制药市场的机遇。结果:发展生物仿制药不同于传统仿制药,其技术壁垒高,短期商业回报慢,但专利药到期与节约医疗成本的需求使得生物仿制药市场的发展非常迅速,潜力巨大,制药公司可以通过改变一些运作模式来抢占这个市场。结论:发展生物仿制药需要强大的技术研发能力、市场营销能力、资金实力、网络运作能力与生产控制能力,大型制药公司在生物仿制药市场可能会更有竞争力。     

以全球视野看深圳的过去和未来

30年来,深圳经济特区出色发挥了全国改革开放窗口、试验田和示范区的作用,创造了惊人的发展速度,已跻身中国城市第一集团。未来30年,深圳加入全球城市的竞争,需要关注和解决综合竞争力、承载能力、科技创新能力、政府决策管理和控制能力、产业集群、人力资源竞争力、环境质量、企业管理、参与全球竞争程度九大问题。     

创业机会理论回顾与客观性假定

本研究通过回顾相关创业机会理论,包括Schumpeter的观点、Kirzner的观点、Sarasvathy机会识别观点、Shane等人提出的机会发现观点、Venkatraman提出机会创造的观点;对创业机会理论进行评述,得出了相关结论：创业机会研究观点都认同创业机会是创业研究的核心要素,创业研究应该以＂机会＂为线索展开;创业机会是潜在的;都认同机会是一个过程,是一个持续的、动态的、系统的过程。对创业机会现有理论的共性和差异性进行了归类,并在此基础上,得出了创业机会的若干客观性假定,包括：创业机会是认识的主体关于创业行为和过程的认识活动发展到一定阶段的产物、创业机会与其他创业要素存在关联性,并有其内在的交互作用的过程和规律、创业者个体之间存在认识上（也有人说是经验上）而非完全意义上的内在性差异,不存在一般的企业家个性特征;通过创业教育可以培养创业者的技能。创业机会认识（或认知）的信息并不完备,而且是非随机分布的等。     

寻找理性经济行为的逻辑新起点——试论中国传统伦理下的中庸理性经济人

在主流经济学的视野中,追求效用最大化是社会个体理性行为的基本准则。文章认为主流经济学理性假设的根本问题在于没有揭示特定人类社会的独特复杂特征。主流经济学家忽略了在现实生活中存在于西方文明之外的实然——中庸理性。文章尝试在以中庸理性为假设的理性经济人模型基础上,探讨中国传统伦理下中庸理性经济人的演化及其存在的可能空间。     

"十二五"时期我国出口依存度变动相关问题研究

我国出口依存度似高实不高,且存在明显的结构性不平衡."十二五"时期,我国出口增长仍面临明显的机遇,出口仍有可能获得快速增长,出口依存度仍有可能进一步提高.对于我国而言,不应追求出口依存度数字上的下降,而应抓住我国外需扩大的机遇,顺应我国出口增长的趋势,加快出口部门的结构性调整和出口质量的提高.具体而言,一方面要推动加工贸易转型升级,另一方面要提高一般贸易的发展水平.