辽西北地区城镇化发展状况及促进对策

辽西北地区是辽宁发展较为缓慢的城市区域,为了加快地区经济发展,辽宁实施了突破辽西北的区域开发战略,而区域化水平的提升是以城镇化的发展为前提的。因此,把握辽西北地区城镇化发展现状并实施有针对性的措施是加快区域发展的突破口。     

计算机网络优化探讨

该文从校园网的网络瓶颈、设备、技术、安全等方面论述了如何对现有网络进行优化，有效利用带宽，避免不必要的速度损失等方面的问题。     

Exceeding the speed limit: prevalence and determinants in Iran

Speeding is one of the most common risk behaviours associated with crashes causing signficant injury. The objective of this study is to explore the prevalence and determinants of speeding on a road between Tehran and Hamadan, Iran. In a cross-sectional study in 2009, stretches of the road were studied including three groups of posted speed limits: < 50 km/h, 50–100 km/h and > 100 km/h. Each stretch was evaluated both in daylight and dark. Randomly identified driver's speed was checked by a handheld speed camera and then the driver was invited to participate in a survey. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-Square, crude and adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval and multiple logistic regression models. Overall, 52.8% of the drivers were travelling more than 10 km/h above the posted limit. Where limits were < 50 km/h, 74.6% of drivers were speeding. This declined to 46.9% for sections with limits between 50 and 100 km/h and to 36.9% for sections posted more than 100 km/h. Finally, more than half the drivers were observed to be speeding. Driving more than the posted limit was far more likely on the areas with the lowest posted speed limits, personal passenger vehicles, modern vehicles not using seat belts, and male drivers.     

Fatal motorcycle crashes: a growing public health problem in Cambodia

This study examines the risk characteristics of fatal motorcycle crashes in Cambodia over a 5-year period (2007–2011). Secondary data analyses were conducted using the Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System, the only comprehensive and integrated road crash surveillance system in the country. Researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Handicap International found that (1) males are dying in motorcycle crashes roughly seven times more frequently than females; (2) motorcyclist fatalities increased by about 30% from 2007 to 2011; (3) the motorcyclist death rates per 100,000 population increased from 7.4 to 8.7 deaths from 2007 to 2011; and (4) speed-related crashes and not wearing motorcycle helmet were commonly reported for motorcyclist fatalities at approximately 50% and over 80% through the study years, respectively. Additionally, this study highlights that Cambodia has the highest motorcycle death rate in South-East Asia, far surpassing Thailand, Malaysia, and Myanmar. By recognising the patterns of fatal motorcycle crashes in Cambodia, local road-safety champions and stakeholders can design targeted interventions and preventative measures to improve road safety among motorcyclists.     

我国湿地资源可持续利用的根本出路

湿地具有特殊的生态功能,由于忽视了人地关系的协调,造成了湿地资源的大范围破坏以及湿地功能的严重受损;随着生态环境保护与资源合理利用意识逐渐增强,保护与合理利用湿地的呼声越来越高。综观目前中国湿地面临的几方面问题,认为“加强湿地保护立法”、控制湿地开发规模、调整湿地利用模式,建立避灾农业工程应该是保护我国湿地资源可持续利用的根本出路。     

Safety attitudes,behaviour, anxiety and perceived control among professional and non-professional drivers

The current study aimed to investigate differences in psychological safety factors such as attitudes and behaviour among professional and non-professional drivers. Differences in accident involvement and the number of speeding tickets were also investigated. An additional aim was to study factors associated with risky driver behaviour and speeding tickets in these groups. A questionnaire survey was distributed by mail to a randomly selected sample from the Norwegian population registry (N?=?6203). The response rate was 30% and the final sample consisted of 1864 individuals. Adjusted for demographic characteristics and road traffic exposure the results showed that professional drivers (n?=?113) reported significantly less seat belt use and watchful driving than non-professional drivers (n?=?1594). Professional drivers reported significantly less fun riding and safer attitudes regarding addressing the unsafe driving of others. The professional drivers also reported significantly safer behaviour related to drink driving, but lower priorities of road traffic safety. Professional drivers perceived significantly more control and had been involved in more accidents than the non-professional drivers. The results suggest that professional drivers may constitute a risk group in road traffic. Further research could focus on barriers of seat belt use and mechanisms, which could promote safety priorities in this driver group. The knowledge gained by such studies could be utilised by company managers in order to promote safer behaviour among professional drivers.     

五里牌立交大桥桩基础溶洞处理技术

经过对洛湛铁路DIK47+794.93五里牌立交大桥3号墩桩基础溶洞处理,针对溶洞较发育地区桩基础设计施工特点,结合现场桩孔施工钻探情况,弄清桩位处地质和溶洞情况,调整设计和施工方法,既加快了施工进度,又确保了结构安全,同时也节约资金。     

Intervention analysis of the safety effects of a legislation targeting excessive speeding in Canada

Excessive speeding is a major traffic safety concern consequently, numerous countermeasures have been considered to mitigate this problem. Excessive speeding, street racing and stunt driving activities subject all road users to extreme risk. To address this problem, three Canadian provinces introduced severe sanctions against drivers who exceed speed limits by high margins. Under the laws offenders were subject to immediate license suspension and vehicle impoundment. In this paper, intervention analysis of the collision data from the three provinces was conducted to identify the safety effects of the legislation. The analysis aims to identify changes in the time series behaviour of collision data after the adoption of the law. The changes were assessed for statistical significance, and the magnitude of the change was quantified. In general, the paper showed that the legislative changes were associated with drops in province-wide fatal collisions substantiating the safety benefits of introducing such legislation against excessive speeders.     

Significance of attitudes,passion and cultural factors in driver’s speeding behavior in Oman: application of theory of planned behavior

Abstract

Traffic accidents and related fatalities have become a major public health problem in the world. This study aims to identify the significant factors that play an important role in the speeding behavior of drivers. A comprehensive questionnaire was designed and conducted with the students and employees of the University of Nizwa. The questionnaire items were designed considering the theoretical background of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and local socio-cultural aspects of the driving environment. A total of 303 usable samples were obtained. The collected data were analyzed using factor analysis and structural equation modelling technique. The extracted factors of speeding passion and culture, speeding attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are significant determinants of drivers speeding behavior in Oman. The driver’s speeding attitudes, speeding culture, and passion have positive association with the drivers’ speeding intentions and behavior, and driver’s perceived behavioral control forms negative relationship with the speeding behavior. This study confirms the application of the TPB in predicting the drivers’ speeding behavior in the context of Oman.     

永磁同步曳引机在电梯检验中所遇到的诸多问题

本文从机械特性和电器特性两个方面对无齿永磁同步曳引机在实际应用中存在的种种问题进行了分析,并对与此相关的检验内容提出了自己的看法。