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1.
Synopsis In contrast to the neoclassical economic presumption in favor of markets, we argue that organizations, not markets should be taken as our default assumption. We do so on information processing grounds. We distinguish between Zen and market Knowledge. The first is embodied and hard to articulate and the second abstract-symbolic. In human evolution, the first type of knowledge came first, and, on any pragmatic definition of knowledge, it still incorporates most of what we mean by the term. We take codification and abstraction as the two data processing activities that lead to the articulation of knowledge into an abstract-symbolic form. We develop a conceptual framework, the Information-Space (I-Space) to show how far the articulation of knowledge leads to its being shared. Whereas an unlimited sharing of information and knowledge leads to market-oriented outcomes, a more limited sharing leads to organizational outcomes. A market-oriented economics has tended to look to physics for its models; the field of organization theory has tended to look to biology. A more organization-oriented economics would thus look more to biology for its models. 相似文献
2.
认股权证作为一种长期资金的筹资方式 ,其资本成本必须予以考虑。但是使用传统资本成本计算方法不能反映其真实成本。本文尝试使用B -S和CAPM模型来计算其资本成本 ,并用实例说明 相似文献
3.
For reasons of political feasibility, emission trading systems may have to rely on free initial allocation of emission allowances in order to ameliorate adverse production and employment effects in dirty industries. Against the background of an emerging European‐wide emission trading system, we examine the trade‐off between such compensation and economic efficiency under output‐based and emissions‐based allocation rules. We show that the emissions‐based allocation rule is more costly than the output‐based rule in terms of maintaining output and employment in energy‐intensive industries. When the international allowance price increases, the inferiority of emissions‐based allocation vis‐à‐vis output‐based allocation becomes more pronounced, as emission subsidies drastically restrict efficiency gains from international trade in emission allowances. 相似文献
4.
关于成本管理改革的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着社会主义市场经济和现代企业制度的逐步建立和完善,深化成本管理改革也日益成为一个突出而又迫切的问题。优胜劣汰是竞争的基本法则,企业要生存、求发展,就必须若练内功,采取各种措施降低成本,以低于竞争对手的成本进行生产经营,企业才能在竞争中立于不败之地。成本管理改革应对传统成本管理做出客观公正的评价,并在吸收西方先进的成本管理方法的基础上,正确把握成本管理改革的方向,为我国成本管理的理论研究和改革实践提供借鉴。 相似文献
5.
农民工城乡迁移个人机会成本的构成及定量分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
农民工城乡迁移的个人机会成本可归纳为经济性个人机会成本、社会性个人机会成本和政治性个人机会成本三大类,基于笔者主持的1012名城乡迁移农民工的问卷调查,文章分析了这三类个人机会成本各自的构成,并对它们进行了定量分析。 相似文献
6.
Grinyer and Russell's (G&R, 1992) contention that Ma and Hopkins (1988) have imposed the mutually exclusive rules of the valuation-based paradigm on the matching-based paradigm that underlies accounting practice is overly defensive and misguided. Our 1988 paper was an attempt to throw light on why there was so little agreement on the rules governing the treatment of goodwill. G&R's comment does not change our view that the only answer to the 'puzzle' lies in the lack of a full understanding of the nature of goodwill. 相似文献
7.
供应链构建的机制分析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
介绍了供应链的概念,交易成本经济学的基本理论,并把二者结合从经济学的角度分析了供应链构建的经济学机理,为供应链理论的发展提供了一个新的研究方向。 相似文献
8.
加入世贸组织后 ,我国商业银行将面临更加严峻的竞争环境。成本控制在商业银行经营管理中将发挥着越来越重要的作用。因此 ,有必要研究商业银行的成本控制方略 相似文献
9.
Ciyang Gu Pi' e Zheng Jiangbo Zheng 《美中经济评论(英文版)》2004,3(6):13-16,39
Supplier problem is a hotspot on the field of supply chain management. This paper makes hypotheses on supplier's delivery and the course of customers' ordering under the mode of e-commerce trade. Based on the existing (S, Q) model, this paper proposes the sourcing cost model with sole supplier under the situation of c-commerce, and analyzes the solving scheme in detail. This paper has established the foundation for further research. 相似文献
10.
Using data from the Frankfurt Stock Exchange we analyze priceformation and liquidity in a non-anonymous environment withsimilarities to the floor of the NYSE. Our main hypothesis isthat the non-anonymity allows the specialist to assess the probabilitythat a trader trades on the basis of private information. Heuses this knowledge to price discriminate. This can be achievedby quoting a large spread and granting price improvement totraders deemed uninformed. Consistent with our hypothesis wefind that price improvement reflects lower adverse selectioncosts but does not lead to a reduction in the specialist's profit.Further, the quote adjustment following transactions at thequoted bid or ask price is more pronounced than the quote adjustmentafter transactions at prices inside the spread. Our resultsindicate that anonymity comes at the cost of higher adverseselection risk. JEL Classification: G10. 相似文献