On the determinants of complementarity: Elasticities of substitution, income shares, and relative prices

This paper extends an example due to Samuelson (1974) to develop the relationship between possible compensated complementarity between two goods and the two elasticities of substitution in an extended three good CES utility function. It also uses the same utility function to develop the implications of a generalized income share parameter and two different relative prices for possible complementarity between goods. Finally, it explores possible complementarity in a more general utility function with non-constant elasticities of substitution.     

Rivalry in Price and Variety among Supermarket Retailers

Recent theoretical models of retail competition suggest that product heterogeneity is critical to retail price and variety strategies. This article provides empirical evidence on supermarket retailers' price and variety strategies using a nested constant elasticity of substitution (NCES) modeling framework. The model is estimated using chain-level scanner data for four major grocery chains in a large, urban West Coast market. The results show that retailers compete for market share using both price and variety. While they all tend to follow moderately cooperative pricing strategies, the extent to which they follow cooperative strategies in variety is less homogeneous.     

浅析现代商业展示设计中如何推广企业品牌形象

在现代商业展示设计中,设计师往往关注商业空间的规划、商业环境的装饰和商品的展示陈列,而忽略企业品牌形 象在商业空间的大力推广。本文剖析了现代商业展示设计和企业品牌形象二者之间的关系,从艺术设计的角度阐述了如何在现 代商业展示设计中树立企业品牌形象。     

Return and volatility transmission between world oil prices and stock markets of the GCC countries

This paper investigates the return links and volatility transmission between oil and stock markets in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries over the period 2005-2010. We employ a recent generalized VAR-GARCH approach which allows for transmissions in return and volatility. In addition, we analyze the optimal weights and hedge ratios for oil-stock portfolio holdings. On the whole, our results point to the existence of substantial return and volatility spillovers between world oil prices and GCC stock markets, and appear to be crucial for international portfolio management in the presence of oil price risk.     

On the construction of <Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">s</Emphasis><Superscript>2</Superscript>)-optimal supersaturated designs

Supersaturated designs are an important class of factorial designs in which the number of factors is larger than the number of runs. These designs supply an economical method to perform and analyze industrial experiments. In this paper, we consider generalized Legendre pairs and their corresponding matrices to construct E(s ²)-optimal two-level supersaturated designs suitable for screening experiments. Also, we provide some general theorems which supply several infinite families of E(s ²)-optimal two-level supersaturated designs of various sizes.      

Optimal extended complete block designs for dependent observations

Optimal designs under general dependence structures are usually difficult to specify theoretically or find algorithmically. However, they can sometimes be found for a specific dependence structure and a particular parameter value. In this paper, a class of generalized binary block designs with t treatments and b blocks of size k>t is considered. Each block consists of h consecutive complete blocks and, at the end, an incomplete block of size k−ht (if k > ht). For a suitable number of blocks, a universally optimal design is found for a first-order stationary autoregressive process with positive correlations. Optimal generalized binary designs and balanced block designs are also considered. Some constructions for a universally optimal design are described. A negative dependence parameter, and some other dependence structures, are also considered.