The Impact of School Lunches on Primary School Enrollment: Evidence from India's Midday Meal Scheme

At the end of 2001, the Indian Supreme Court issued a directive ordering states to institute school lunches – known locally as “midday meals” – in government primary schools. In this paper we provide a large‐scale assessment of the enrollment effects of India's midday meal scheme, which offers warm lunches, free of cost, to 120 million primary school children across India, and is the largest school feeding program in the world. To isolate the causal effect of the policy, we make use of its staggered implementation across Indian states in government but not private schools. Using a panel dataset of more than 420,000 schools observed annually from 2002 to 2004, we find that midday meals result in substantial increases in primary school enrollment, driven by early primary school responses to the program. Our results are robust to a wide range of specification tests.     

谈我国内需不足的成因及对策

内需不足已成为制约我国经济增长的一个重要因素。探索其成因，并制定对策启动消费，对保证我国经济持续康发展有着重要意义。     

滦州影戏口述剧本《无底洞》解读

李脱尘口述的八幕短剧《无底洞》剧词和表演提示，可以视为1930年代滦州影戏演出的鲜活呈现。它可为现代都市影戏短剧创作与演出提供借鉴，具有极大的文献价值和现实意义。李脱尘结合八股文模式，对《无底洞》的故事情节进行了形象的解读，并将其与西洋话剧相对应，作为一名基督教徒，他还关注了剧中的宗教意味。     

孙绰《论语孙氏集解》玄学思想研究

孙绰《游天台山赋》、《遂初赋》等文章因其文采辞藻独特而被很多人所注意和推崇。已佚的孙绰《论语孙氏集解》,皇侃《论语义疏》保存有三十一条,马国翰《玉函山房辑佚书》采此三十一条合为一卷,虽然材料很少,却是研究孙绰思想的重要资料,这些重要资料没有引起学界的注意,研究上是空白。以孙绰《论语孙氏集解》三十一条为研究对象,分析其玄学成分。主要认为《论语孙氏集解》中大量出现了＂本＂、＂理＂、＂玄＂等玄学概念,这些概念是先秦两汉《论语》注中所未曾或者很少出现的,说明孙绰《论语孙氏集解》深受玄学的影响,带有鲜明的玄学色彩;同时,指出孙绰玄学思想受郭象影响最大。最后,对儒藏精华编104册中皇侃《论语义疏》记载的孙绰《论语》注的三十一条和马国翰《玉函山房辑佚书》记载的《论语孙氏集解》三十一条进行校对。     

美国对华直接投资对中国技术进步和产业竞争力的影响

20世纪90年代以来美国对华投资发展迅速,投资规模不断扩大,在华子公司引进技术的水平也呈不断提高态势。从美国对华投资的特点来看,其主要集中在技术密集型和资本密集型产业。而且,美国对华投资以市场寻求型为主,研发当地化以适应国内市场的需求就成为其必然选择。本文将在简述美国对华投资企业技术特点的基础上,分析其对中国技术进步以及产业竞争力提升的影响,为中国在引资过程中趋利避害提供理论参考。     

嵌入式系统中引导程序的实现

BootLoader(引导程序)是嵌入式系统CPU加电后第一个开始运行的代码.本文介绍了BLOB完成的功能,并详细分析了BLOB在基于三星公司SS044BOX处理器的嵌入式系统板上的移植过程.     

A Note on the Theme of Too Many Instruments*

The difference and system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators are growing in popularity. As implemented in popular software, the estimators easily generate instruments that are numerous and, in system GMM, potentially suspect. A large instrument collection overfits endogenous variables even as it weakens the Hansen test of the instruments’ joint validity. This paper reviews the evidence on the effects of instrument proliferation, and describes and simulates simple ways to control it. It illustrates the dangers by replicating Forbes [American Economic Review (2000) Vol. 90, pp. 869–887] on income inequality and Levine et al. [Journal of Monetary Economics] (2000) Vol. 46, pp. 31–77] on financial sector development. Results in both papers appear driven by previously undetected endogeneity.     

Ownership concentration and corporate governance practices: substitution or expropriation effects?

The objective of this study is to analyze the relation between ownership concentration and corporate governance practices of a group of Canadian companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. We rely on the corporate governance index developed by the Report on Business (ROB) in 2002. Our empirical results are consistent with the expropriation effect argument that predicts a negative relation between deviation from the one share‐one vote rule and corporate governance best practices. In this context, the dominant shareholder has incentives to maintain weak internal controls in order to facilitate expropriation. In addition, consistent with prior research, our results give partial support to the substitution effect argument by showing a negative impact of ownership concentration on the board composition subindex. Copyright © 2007 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.