英语学习中非语言性因素的重要性

本文针对部分初学英语者英语水平提高较慢的情况,指出要重视社会、文化背景知识等非语言性因素,充分开发和运用个人的智能,进行大量阅读,真正提高英语水平。     

Endometriosis,an unknown entity: the consumer's perspective

This paper reports the findings of a consumer‐driven investigation conducted by the Centre for Clinical Nursing Research at Epworth Hospital in conjunction with the Endometriosis Association (Victoria, Australia) aimed at identifying the information and support needs of women experiencing endometriosis. Women's experiences of endometriosis and laparoscopy were examined. A questionnaire was designed to explore women's experiences of, and informational need for, the four categories of: diagnosis of endometriosis, endometriosis, laparoscopy and managing at home. A total of 465 women who had a positive diagnosis of endometriosis, including patients at the Epworth Endometriosis Centre and members of the Endometriosis Association, were included. The data were analysed in terms of frequency of responses and themes that arose from the research. Five main themes consistently emerged from the overall analysis of the questionnaire; these included: lack of communication, no‐one listens, the emotional turmoil, expressions of gratitude to the Endometriosis Association and being young and helpless. Also identified was a lack of understanding of endometriosis and laparoscopy, on behalf of both the patient and the practitioner, which has led to communication of misinformation, extended physical pain and emotional distress. Based on these findings, recommendations were made for education strategies to be focused towards increasing awareness of endometriosis and for information to be disseminated using the preferred printed format and to be made available from gynaecologists, hospitals and schools. Through consumer participation, the information obtained in this study is of benefit to all women who come in contact with endometriosis by (a) validating women's experiences of endometriosis and (b) identifying women's needs in relation to the disease.     

Mean squared error efficient estimators of the variance components

Summary Pseudo Bayesian estimators for the variance components based on Jeffrey’s Rule are derived for the mixed balanced incomplete block design and are compared with the usual analysis of variance estimators in terms of mean squared error (MSE) efficiency. Numerical results show that Pseudo-Bayesian estimators are more efficient in numerical results.     

基于金融形势指数对我国货币政策效果非线性的实证研究

本文基于总需求方程缩减式构建包含利率、汇率、资产价格以及货币供给因素具有动态权重的金融形势指数FCI,将其作为信息变量纳入到线性和非线性泰勒规则中进行实证分析,结果表明拓展的前瞻性泰勒规则更能描述我国利率行为,利率能很好的反应金融形势而对产出和通胀反应不足。以通货膨胀率为转换变量对我国货币政策效果进行检验和估计表明泰勒规则是非线性的,存在LSR1模型的非线性形式,利率对通胀的反应是非对称的。对非线性进行拓展性研究表明当通胀达到一定程度时,利率和FCI指数才具有稳定关系。     

有限理性、资产价格波动与泰勒规则

针对泰勒规则所存在的多重共线性、潜在产出无法精确计量和忽视资产价格等问题,本文基于有限理性假设和纳入货币供给因素对泰勒规则进行了修正。利用修正后的泰勒规则对我国经济数据进行实证研究发现。我国存在相对稳定的利率规则,并且这种利率规则在高通胀和低通胀阶段的形式有一定区别。在将货币因素纳入泰勒规则后,发现我国的利率规则并没有明显的变化,但是中央银行在操作利率时还是应高度关注货币供应量和信贷总量．以防止资产价格的大起大落。     

现代主流经济学的制度转向及其制度不及——兼论新制度主义的分析思维及其范式缺陷

新古典经济学是研究既定制度下个体理性行为的学说,而社会制度的确立原则不同于属于个体的行为原则,因为社会制度涉及到众多社会性因素。不幸的是,流行的新制度主义恰恰舍弃了包括伦理、历史和权力等社会性因素,而试图把制度分析纳入新古典经济学框架,它或者基于博弈均衡来分析和解释那些正式规则,或者基于理性建模的互动行为分析来构设社会制度。正是基于这种抽象思维,新制度主义必然不能真正剖析制度的产生和演化,舍弃权力结构的博弈均衡所构设的社会制度。     

我国前瞻性货币供给规则与宏观经济的稳定我国前瞻性货币供给规则与宏观经济的稳定性——拓展的MIU模型与中国经验

国内研究货币规则的文献大多依据＂损失函数最小化＂标准获得货币政策工具的决策准则,而鲜有从一般均衡模型不动点性质的角度评析我国货币政策规则的文章。本文将一个适用于我国转型时期的货币量规则引入一般均衡的MIU模型,拓展了传统的固定货币增长率的货币经济学模型。文章发现：消费者微观偏好和央行货币政策参数会对宏观经济系统的稳定性产生影响。数据分析显示：我国经济系统获致的不动点为鞍点,即存在一条稳定的轨迹使经济系统收敛于均衡状态。文章建议,货币政策部门密切关注居民微观行为演进和央行货币规则微调对经济系统动态特性产生的影响。

Abstract：

Most domestic literatures on monetary rules are based upon the standard of ＂loss function minimization＂ to get access to the decision-making guidelines regarding monetary policy tools.While,little article looks the problem concerning the assessment of China＇s monetary policy rule from the angle of fixed point nature in the general equilibrium model.This paper introduces a monetary policy rule compatible with our transitional reform period into a general equilibrium MIU model,which is extended from the traditional fixed-money-growth-rate model.This article argues that：micro-parameters of Consumer preferences and the central bank＇s monetary policy have great impact on macroeconomic stability.Further-more,we put forward three testable propositions.According to macro-level data from China,we find that：Our economic system has a saddle-point equilibria,that is to say,there exists a stable trajectory that the economy will converge to this equilibria.The paper suggests that our monetary policy-makers should pay close attention to the micro—behavior evolution of our residents and the monetary regime changes,which will have significant impact on the dynamic characteristics of our economy.     

A product-centric data mining algorithm for targeted promotions

Targeted promotions in retail are becoming increasingly popular, particularly in UK grocery retail sector, where competition is stiff and consumers remain price sensitive. Given this, a targeted promotion algorithm is proposed to enhance the effectiveness of promotions by retailers. The algorithm leverages a mathematical model for optimising items to target and fuzzy c-means clustering for finding the best customers to target. Tests using simulations with real life consumer scanner panel data from the UK grocery retailer sector show that the algorithm performs well in finding the best items and customers to target whilst eliminating “false positives” (targeting customers who do not buy a product) and reducing “false negatives” (not targeting customers who could buy a product). The algorithm also shows better performance when compared to a similar published framework, particularly in handling “false positives” and “false negatives”. The paper concludes by discussing managerial and research implications, and highlights applications of the model to other fields.     

浅议中国证券市场投资者保护协会建设

投资者权益保护与消费者权益保护在很多方面具有可比性及相互借鉴意义。从投资者与消费者的相似弱势地位、中国证券市场的生态环境及中小投资者保护的现状看,我国的投资者比一般消费者更需要保护,其同样应该有自己的维权组织和节日。我国大多数上市公司的国有股权背景及中国证监会"裁判"与"球员"双重角色的尴尬等特殊国情,是中国投资者受保护不足的最深层原因之一,也决定了中国比其他国家更需要成立投资者保护协会,并亟待构建尊重投资者与切实保护投资者的社会文化。     

农材信用合作社公司治理现状与改革思路

我国农村信用社公司治理改革,要以"务农、支农、助农、促农和富农"为目标,要结合地方政府职能转换要求和三农特点,遵循政企分开和市场化原则进行。