The game plan for aligning the organization

Better-aligned operational and strategic plans and a better balance of supply and demand bring tangible benefits to firms. However, functional departments in firms often operate without vertical and horizontal alignment. The outcomes are delays and amplification of the information flow, suboptimal corporate plans, uncoordinated reactions within the business, insufficient operational flexibility, and discrepancies in supply and demand. Sales and operations planning (S&OP) can circumvent these negative consequences and align the organization. Our multi-method research develops a holistic S&OP maturity model that firms can use for the assessment of their internal S&OP processes and shows the pathway to an integrated S&OP approach for the achievement of a better-aligned organization. We present a case study of a medium-sized, Swiss-based pharmaceutical company that has recently implemented S&OP to highlight why companies implement S&OP, the prerequisites and roadblocks encountered during implementation, and the benefits envisioned and achieved. Finally, we reveal the great relevance of the topic by means of a questionnaire survey which shows that organizations’ current S&OP performance is underdeveloped and that many improvements are indispensable to enjoy all benefits associated with the alignment process.     

中国企业资本结构动态调整的估计方法与蒙特卡罗模拟

本文首先从计量经济学以及资本结构动态调整的视角逐一评述了资本结构部分调整模型的六种主要估计方法,即混合OLS估计法、Fama-MacBeth估计法、固定效应估计法、GMM估计法、长差分LD估计法以及双边截取Tobit估计法。然后,针对我国上市公司的实际样本使用这六种估计方法进行了实证检验。在此基础上,依据我国上市公司资本结构的分布形态,采用蒙特卡罗模拟技术来识别和判断这六种方法在估计我国上市公司资本结构调整速度中的有效性。本文发现,传统的混合OLS估计法及Fama-MacBeth估计法反而是检验我国上市公司资本结构动态调整的有效方法,其估计所得的市值杠杆平均调整速度为16.3%－20.1%。     

非中文专业留学生汉语阅读课教学方法初探——以华中农业大学学习农林专业的留学生为例

阅读课是对外汉语教学中的一门基础课,也是一门汉语言技能课。本文从对外汉语阅读教学的发展着手,通过对阅读教学的背景,状况的分析,结合笔者对外国留学生的教学经验,并参阅大量对外汉语阅读教学研究,探讨对外汉语教学中阅读课教学的适用方法,以帮助国内的汉语教学和研究。     

全面创新改革试验政策对科技成果转化的影响效应

以广东、安徽和四川全面创新改革试验区为研究对象,运用合成控制法,构造合成粤皖川、合成广东、合成安徽、合成四川,通过对比真实试验区技术市场成交额实际值与合成试验区技术市场成交额的反事实估计值,探讨全面创新改革试验政策对试验区科技成果转化的总体效应和个体效应。研究结果表明：全面创新改革试验政策总体上显著促进试验区省份科技成果转化,其中,全面创新改革试验政策对广东、四川科技成果转化具有显著促进效应,而对安徽科技成果转化的效应不显著;政策效应在政策实施当年即已显现,两年后明显增强;科技经费投入、经济规模、技术成熟度、人口集聚、产业结构、创新能力等因素对科技成果转化具有显著影响。     

《市场营销学》教学方法初探

市场营销学是一门建立在经济科学、行为科学和现代管理理论基础上的应用科学。市场营销学的特点使其在当今社会的方方面面发挥着重要的作用。如何把这样一门生机盎然的课程讲的充满活力，是本人深思和探索的课题。所以在教学过程中进行了一些探索，本文重点在教学方法上进行了阐述，以期和各位同仁切磋交流。     

Competing Against Experienced and Inexperienced Players

In certain markets success may depend on how well participants anticipate the behavior of other participants who have varying amounts of experience. Understanding if and how peoples behavior depends on competitors level of experience is important since in most markets participants have varying amounts of experience. Examining data from two new experimental studies similar to the beauty contest game first studied by Nagel (1995), the results indicate that (1) players with no experience behave the same against competitors with and without experience but (2) players quickly learn to condition their behavior on competitors experience level, causing (3) behavior to stop moving toward the equilibrium whenever new players enter the game and (4) experienced players to earn more money than less experienced players. The paper discusses the implications of the results for understanding and modeling behavior in markets in which participants have different amounts of experience.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the acknowledgements.     

城乡建设用地增减挂钩中农民利益保障对策研究——基于江西省《“增减挂钩”试点农民利益保障》专题调研

研究目的:为城乡建设用地增减挂钩中的农民利益保障提供对策建议,以利于"增减挂钩"工作的健康推进。研究方法:实证分析。研究结果:目前"增减挂钩"中,拆迁补偿标准是农民关注的焦点、集中安置是大多数农民的安置意愿、方便耕作是安置选址的关注点、生活成本的提高是农民集中安置到城镇最担心的问题;"增减挂钩"中影响农民利益的主要障碍因素包括:工作理念的偏差、农民利益保障的理论基础薄弱、公众参与机制不健全、农民利益保障监督机制缺失、忽视区域差异而盲目推进。研究结论:从以下几个方面来确保"增减挂钩"中的农民利益:(1)正确树立保障农民利益,促进城乡统筹的工作理念;(2)建立科学的公众参与机制,充分尊重农民意愿;(3)实施区域差异化城乡增减挂钩政策,因地制宜,稳步推进;(4)建立严格的农民利益保障监督机制;(5)积极探索农村宅基地退出机制。     

Determinants of executive compensation in privately held firms

We examine what determines executive compensation in privately held firms. Our study is motivated by the fact that most studies in this area rely on data from publicly traded firms. Further, the few studies that are based on data from privately held firms only examine a limited number of determinants of executive compensation. Our findings indicate that the pay‐to‐performance relation is weak. Board size and ownership concentration are the only corporate governance characteristics that explain variations in executive compensation. Executive characteristics like skills, title and educational attainment all explain variations in executive compensation. Contrary to our expectations, we do not find a stronger pay‐to‐performance relation in firms with better designed bonus plans.     

中日两国不平衡发展的产业政策比较研究

二战造成了日本经济的全面崩溃,日本政府审时度势,选择了不平衡的产业发展政策,在较短时间内实现了经济的腾飞。中国的产业发展也因为历史原因选择了不平衡的发展道路,然而结果却导致了产业结构严重失衡,成为经济进一步发展的阻力。究其原因是,我们仅仅认真实施了不平衡发展政策,却没有建立相应的平衡机制。正确的做法应该是,在不平衡发展的产业政策实施中,必须在优先发展主导产业的同时,还要给予农业、交通运输、能源等基础产业以适度的倾斜,这样才能保证主导产业乃至所有产业持久而稳定的发展。