Labor market analysis through transformations and robust multivariate models

The work presents a robust approach to labor share analysis. The estimate of labor share presents various complexities related to the nature of the data sets to be analyzed. Typically, labor share is evaluated by using discriminant analysis and linear or generalized linear models, that do not take into account the presence of possible outliers. Moreover, the variables to be considered are often characterized by a high dimensional structure. The proposed approach has the objective of improving the estimation of the model using robust multivariate regression techniques and data transformation.     

On estimating long-run effects in models with lagged dependent variables

A common procedure in economics is to estimate long-run effects from models with lagged dependent variables. For example, macro panel studies frequently are concerned with estimating the long-run impacts of fiscal policy, international aid, or foreign investment.Our analysis points out the hazards of this practice. We use Monte Carlo experiments to demonstrate that estimating long-run impacts from dynamic models produces unreliable results.Biases can be substantial, sample ranges very wide, and hypothesis tests can be rendered useless in realistic data environments. There are three reasons for this poor performance. First, OLS estimates of the coefficient of a lagged dependent variable are downwardly biased in finite samples. Second, small biases in the estimate of the lagged, dependent variable coefficient are magnified in the calculation of long-run effects. And third, and perhaps most importantly, the statistical distribution associated with estimates of the LRP is complicated, heavy-tailed, and difficult to use for hypothesis testing. While many of the underlying problems have been long-known in the literature, the continued widespread use of the associated empirical procedures suggests that researchers are unaware of the extent and severity of the estimation problems. This study aims to illustrate their practical importance for applied research.     

和谐社会、科学发展与统筹兼顾——迈向新改革时代的大国治理逻辑

改革开放以来,中国社会经济发展取得了举世瞩目的成就,但也产生了不少问题和矛盾。毫无疑问,中国经济发展已经到了一个关键时期。彻底冲破旧制度束缚的强烈需求必然催生中国新一轮的改革。在中共十七大精神的指引下,迈向新改革时代的大国治理必然以构建和谐社会为目标,以科学发展观为指导,以统筹兼顾为方法,引领整个社会走向全面协调可持续的发展轨道,从而实现民族复兴和大国崛起。     

河北省钢铁产业技术效率评价及对策研究

以2001年—2009年面板数据为基础,运用数据包络分析（DEA）方法,对河北省等六省区钢铁产业整体效率、技术效率、规模效率、投入冗余及超效率进行评价,并运用Malmquist效率指数对河北省钢铁产业的全要素生产率变动进行动态分析。研究结果表明,河北省钢铁产业整体效率在不断提高,其中,纯技术效率的贡献要大于规模效率;在产出不变的情况下,河北省钢铁产业存在着一定程度的投入冗余;产业超效率值总体上表现出不断提升的态势;技术进步对本省钢铁产业技术效率的影响并不稳定,呈波动变化状态。河北省要想提高钢铁产业总体效率,必须加快技术进步、优化产品结构、提高产业集中度和有效减少投入冗余。     

中国新型工业化道路探索研究——来自印度新型工业化案例的启示

经过大规模传统工业化,中国过早出现了需求不足、资源枯竭、环境污染、就业压力大等问题,这说明传统工业化和现代化的经济发展政策,不适用于当代环境和条件。中国要解决上述问题,必须改变经济增长方式,不能走西方国家发展的老路。而印度新型工业化案例告诉我们,发展中大国完全可以实施赶超型发展战略,即将发展的重点放到国际水平的高新技术产业上,利用高新技术产业的高增殖能力,积累资金和技术,引导和改造传统产业,并积极发展现代服务业,即走以高新技术产业为先导的新型工业化道路。     

Allocative efficiency measurement revisited—Do we really need input prices?

The traditional approach to measuring allocative efficiency exploits input prices, which are rarely known at the firm level. This paper proves allocative efficiency can be measured as a profit-oriented distance to the frontier in a profit-technical efficiency space. This new approach does not require information on input prices. To validate the new approach, we perform a Monte-Carlo experiment providing evidence that the estimates of allocative efficiency employing the new and the traditional approach are highly correlated. Finally, as an illustration, we apply the new approach to a sample of about 900 enterprises from the chemical manufacturing industry in Germany.     

中国私营企业的生产率表现和投资效率

本文利用第一次全国经济普查数据系统地研究中国私营企业的生产率表现和投资效率问题。样本分析表明,东部地区材料和机械设备制造业的私营企业在劳动生产率和资本生产率上都明显领先于其他地区,然而这种优势主要集中表现在规模较大的企业上。生产函数的估计结果显示各地区大部分行业的资本弹性稳定地处于0.2—0.3之间。对生产率方差的分解表明,地区和行业内部近90%的生产率差异来自TFP的差异,劳均资本的差异只占贡献来源的13%左右。虽然行业间生产率差异的主要来源还是TFP,但地区间的生产率差异则主要来源于劳均资本的差异。资本边际产出在地区间和行业间的不均衡分布意味着部门间存在资本配置的非效率。我们通过模拟实验发现,省际间资本重置给私营制造业带来的潜在产出增长效果比行业间的资本重置更加明显,这意味着私营制造业资本的地区间流动障碍比行业间障碍更为严重。     

上市公司治理结构效率评估

建立有效的公司治理结构无论对于所有者还是对于投资者而言都是有利的。基于诸如委托代理人理论、不对称信息理论等前沿理论成果,兼顾考虑到正在发展中的中国资本市场环境,本文运用数据包络分析(DEA)分析和研究了中国上市公司治理结构的有效性和效率。     

我国居民消费带动经济长期增长的实证研究——基于省际离散面板模型的分析

本文从经验研究的角度出发,通过构建我国省际间的离散面板数据,研究经济增长的短期波动、消费变动、开放程度、收入变化、人力资本变动、通胀因素等协同作用经济长期增长的强度与方向。研究发现,短期经济的频繁波动并不利于我国经济长期稳定增长;消费的稳定增加对经济长期增长有显著的正向拉动作用;人均收入水平、人力资本因素、适度的通货膨胀具有正向溢出效应;人口因素则会给长期增长带来减损作用。因此,建议提高弱势群体居民收入、加大教育投入、使用差异化的财政政策以保障经济长期增长的实现。