基于生命周期评估的冷链物流碳足迹计算

在分析冷链概念及冷链物流构成的基础上,以新鲜番茄为例,通过目标分析与范围界定、确定功能单位、系统边界和假设以及数据收集,计算了新鲜番茄生命周期各个阶段的碳排放。研究结果表明,生产方式和运输方式是影响番茄碳排放的主要因素。在其他条件均相同时,温室生产番茄是塑料薄膜生产番茄CO2排放的1.66倍(公路运输)和2.83倍(海运)。随着运输距离的增加,海运造成的碳排放分别是公路运输造成碳排放的27.3%(运输距离为1 000km)、22.2%(运输距离为1 500km)、19.3%(运输距离为2 000km)。可见,随着运输距离的增加,海运造成的碳排放以递减的方式小于公路运输造成的碳排放。研究结果表明,从温室生产转换成塑料薄膜生产,同时,配送方式选择海运,将使番茄生命周期CO2排放最小。这样的培养和配送过程节省了能源,减少了番茄生命周期对环境的负担。     

技术进步、价格调整与制造业电力需求

电力需求快速增长引发的碳排放问题日益严重,中国环境容量能否承载未来电力需求持续高速增长的压力备受关注。不同产业部门电力需求存在直接和间接的经济技术联系,基于东部11个省份2007年投入产出表,测算生产过程中某一部门技术进步引致的经济系统中所有产业部门电力需求的变化幅度,以此判断对电力需求影响较大的制造业部门,并利用投入产出价格模型计算各产业部门生产成本对电力价格增加的敏感度,识别出价格效应显著的各制造业部门。综合技术进步效应与价格效应后,比较各产业部门在电力需求上的节能减排潜力的结果显示：在经济发展水平相似的东部各省份,非金属矿物制品业、金属冶炼及压延加工业、化学工业、通用、专用设备制造业4个产业的技术进步效应、价格效应均能显著抑制电力需求增加,具有较大的节能减排潜力。但实践上通过价格效应实现降低碳排放的目标,还需考虑碳成本转化率、市场结构、替代品替代效应、产品需求弹性等因素的影响。     

东营凹陷丰深1井试气工艺

因储层污染和压裂技术的限制，2001年完钻的丰深1井未进行常规试气，随着该区地质认识程度的提高和压裂技术的发展，2005年对该井沙砾岩体实施了CO2增能压裂并获得成功。文章介绍并总结了该井试气的成功经验。     

企业战略管理的几点思考

本文运用战略管理理论,以京城机电公司战略管理实践为例,就国有企业战略管理中的战略制定、战略变革和战略执行,以及战略管理与常规管理的平衡等提出了自己的见解。     

CO2气体保护焊焊接工艺的简要论述

由于CO2资源丰富、价格低廉等原因,在现代生产和工程中应用已经很普遍.CO2气体保护焊机的工艺性能(电弧的稳定性、焊接飞溅和焊缝成形等)都直接受焊接电源特性的影响.所以CO2气体保护焊要求使用平硬特性的直流电源,并具有良好的动特性,是有科学依据的.本文主要介绍了CO2气保焊焊接操作技术及需注意的一些问题,对CO2气保焊焊接工艺设计及其应用具有一定的指导作用.     

Impact of CO2 Emission Variation on Firm Performance

The quantifying and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions is one of the most important tools for monitoring and auditing proposed to mitigate climate change, and it also directly affects business. It is thus vital that at this time we learn in detail whether firms actually report on greenhouse gas emissions and make the account entries that must be included within it. This research is twofold: first to analyse the reports on greenhouse gas emissions of international firms in the 2007 and 2008 period and to see what kind of variation occurs in CO₂ emissions between 2006–2007 and 2007–2008, and second to determine the impact that this variation (2006–2007) can have on firm performance in four time periods (t, t + 1, t + 2 and t + 3) that correspond to 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, taking two variables as a measure of firm performance, ROE and ROA, and considering a time period affected by a financial crisis. The results obtained show that there was a reduction in CO₂ emissions in the 2006–2007 period, and also in the 2007–2008 period. As regards the impact that the variation in CO₂ emissions has on ROE and ROA, CO₂ emission variation is a significant but negative variable only for ROA_2007 and for the rest of the years it is not statistically significant either for ROE or ROA. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

我国煤层气清洁开发利用法规障碍及政策建议

利用CO2注入和置换进行煤层气清洁开发兼具经济效益和环境效益，是一类具备潜在价值的新型能源技术应用方向。发达国家尝试将煤层气清洁开发利用机制纳入原有的能源法规框架下，但存在着不成体系、相关规定冲突等问题；我国当前更多的是指引性的科技规划，缺少操作性强、针对行业发展的具体做法。需要在借鉴国外做法的基础上，设计适应我国能源特点和技术储备的煤层气清洁开发利用政策法规：立足于碳封存机制与煤层气产业的契合点进行顶层设计，从外部效应入手鼓励CO2-ECBM产业发展；对于CO2-ECBM比照新能源项目的金融支持政策，创新成本分担机制；集中优势资源发展领军企业，实现CO2-ECBM规模化技术突破。     

Managerial guidelines for trade show effectiveness

This article examines some managerial aspects of successful trade show promotions. In particular, trade show objectives, advantages, preshow and postshow campaigns, and exhibit evaluation are stressed.     

How valid is the buy-grid model?

The purpose of this paper was to test the effects of product type and purchase experience on industrial buyer behavior. The research was conducted in the commercial construction industry. The findings indicate that product type is a meaningful variable which is related to industrial buyer behavior; however, the purchase experience variable or buyclass variable is not significantly related to buyer behavior as measured in this study.     

Centralized and decentralized buying influences

This article empirically measures the effects of organizational separation on industrial buying in the commercial construction industry. It was reasoned that the relationship between organizations and their buying centers should depend on the separations between organizational buying units. Two types of organizational separation were measured— geographic separation and communication separation. Industrial sellers must relate selling effort to buying behavior and procedures. This study reports on how buying influence varies between firms that operate at various levels of organizational separation. The managerial implications of matching the pattern of buying influence with appropriate selling effort is presented.