A global compass for the great divergence: Emissions versus production centres of gravity 1820–2008

We construct the world's centres of gravity for human population, GDP and CO₂ emissions by taking the best out of five recognised data sources covering the last two centuries. On the basis of a novel distortion‐free representation of these centres of gravity, we find a radical Western shift of GDP and CO₂ emission centres in the nineteenth century, in sharp contrast with the stability of the demographic centre of gravity. Both GDP and emissions trends are reversed in the first half of the twentieth century, after World War I for CO₂ emissions, after World War II for GDP. Since then, both centres are moving eastward at an accelerating speed. These patterns are perfectly consistent with the lead of Western countries starting the industrial revolution, the gradual replacement of coal by oil and gas as alternative sources of energy and the progressive catch‐up of Asian countries in the recent past.     

CO检测装置在褐煤掺烧中的应用

介绍了火力发电厂褐煤掺烧过程中CO浓度的监测方案,提供了华电能源股份佳木斯热电厂CO浓度的监控策略,阐述了CO在线监测系统的原理、应用及效果。     

Characteristics of unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning in Northwest Iran – Tabriz

The study describes the epidemiology and characteristics of unintentional carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in Northwest Iran between 2007 and 2009 using multiple data sources including records of the main provider of emergency medical transportation, death certificate reports of the Legal Medicine Organization and through household surveys. A total of 1005 people were diagnosed with non-fatal CO poisoning. Ninety deaths were confirmed due to CO exposure. The ratio of unintentional CO-related poisoning cases in relation to all poisonings was 17.6%. Non-fatal CO poisoning was higher in females and adults aged 25–44 year olds, whereas the death rate was highest for those over 64 years. Domestic gas appliances were involved in 98% of non-fatal incidents and in all fatal poisonings, with gas water heaters (59.2%) and free-standing heaters (25.3%) being the most common causes of CO exposure. The main mechanisms of poisoning were faulty installations and defective devices. The main locations of incidents were the bathroom (48%) and living room (32%). Only 19% of the households reported that they were aware of the hazards of CO exposure before the incident, and no household reported having a CO detector at the time of the poisoning. The results suggest that interventions should be targeted at home environments and focus on at-risk groups such as women and elderly people. Setting stricter standards and environmental legislations and promotion of public awareness against the dangers of CO exposure are important considerations for overcoming this public health problem.     

二氧化碳排放与经济增长关系探究

伴随着经济发展，二氧化碳排放量逐年上升，并由此引发一系列环境问题。以陕西省为例，对其1978—2011年的二氧化碳排放量和经济增长间的关系进行了研究。结果表明，陕西省二氧化碳排放量和经济增长之间存在长期稳定关系。向量误差修正估计表明，当二氧化碳排放量与经济增长偏离长期均衡关系时，将以19．22％的调整力度拉回均衡状态。Granger因果检验表明，只存在由经济增长到二氧化碳排放量的单向Granger原因，并且脉冲响应分析表明经济增长对二氧化碳排放量的影响是长期的。     

基于STIRPAT模型的北京地区经济碳排放驱动因素分析

当今,在衡量地区经济高速发展时,不仅仅关注地区经济发展速度,还更关注地区经济发展对环境地影响,尤其是区域二氧化碳排放的变化。可以说,二氧化碳排放量已经成为衡量国民经济发展质量的一个重要指标。本文基于STIRPAT模型基础,应用岭回归方法和弹性理论方法,分析北京地区经济发展过程中产生的碳排放总量,与人口数量、城市化进程、人均GDP、能源强度和第二产业比重驱动关系,根据二氧化碳各驱动关系,提出控制和减少北京地区二氧化碳总量的必要措施,从而为北京未来高质量的经济发展提供参考。     

我国物流业对环境影响的动态效应研究——基于非限制性VAR模型的经验

以非限制性VAR模型为基础,考察了我国1990～2010年碳排放量与物流业之间的动态演进关系.由OLS估计协整方程得出我国物流业增加值每增加1％将引起CO2排放增加0.573％;由脉冲响应函数对短期动态关系作进一步分析表明,物流业的快速发展导致能源消耗的增长,从而引起碳排放量上升,而碳排放量的增加也会抑制物流业的发展,但其影响存在一定的滞后期.     

Reducing CO2-Emissions Under Fiscal Retrenchment: A Multi-Cohort CGE-Model for Austria

The stabilization of budget deficit and budget debt ratios by fiscal retrenchment in order to fulfill the Maastricht criteria for the EMU is of central focus in most EU countries. At the same time the national policy dimension of acute environmental problems such as global warming has receded in the public eye. The environmental dimension nonetheless remains urgent, and a re-evaluation of the prospects of CO2-policy is needed against the background of fiscal retrenchment required by supranational obligations. We shall do this for the small, open, Austrian economy by constructing a dynamic multi-cohort CGE model enabling us to assess quantitatively the lifetime welfare impacts on the cohorts affected by three different options for using CO2-permit revenues. The distribution of welfare costs of (Toronto-) CO2-policy across cohorts significantly differs with use. This is explained by income, inheritance and price effects.     

浅谈CO报警器的使用、维护与维修

在工厂冶金企业,使用CO报警器能够有效降低员工CO中毒事故,文章通过CO报警器的工作原理,着重介绍了CO报警器的使用、维护注意事项和维修方法,确保报警器能够正常使用,进而保障员工人身安全。     

用填料塔处理碳酸钠包装粉尘

通过采用吸尘罩—填料塔—脱水塔—排放的湿法工艺流程及有关参数的选择,对碳酸钠包装车间粉尘进行处理,处理后包装车间空气粉尘浓度和处理后的排放气体的粉尘浓度均符合国家标准。     

二氧化碳捕集现状和展望

随着科学技术的发展和环保要求不断提高,控制CO2的排放量已是全球能源和工业界不可回避的课题。详细介绍了CO2捕集系统及其所采用的CO2分离技术,重点介绍了各种CO2分离技术的特点及适用范围,并对工业和能源2个重点行业的CO2捕集现状进行了分析,提出了CO2资源化利用是将来CO2减排的发展方向。