制度创新：提升高新技术产业自主创新能力的关键

对于高新技术产业来说,产业的核心技术,特别是前沿和战略高技术是引进不来的,要靠自主创新。而决定高新技术产业自主创新能力的关键在于其制度安排:制度安排保障创新资源最优配置,持续创新动力,提高自主创新产出增长力。因此,提升高新技术产业自主创新能力需要制度创新。通过比较美、日、德、法、韩等国各具特色的高新技术产业自主创新的制度安排,提出了提升我国高新技术产业自主创新能力的制度路径:完善科技制度、建立有效的科技投入资金运作制度、优化人才制度等等。     

The institutional embeddedness of local inter-firm networks: a leverage for business creation

There is an increasing concern for the notion of ‘embeddedness’ of economic activity; yet the conceptualization of the concept and its operationalization remain underdeveloped. First, embeddedness may concern, on the one hand, the structure of relations that tie economic actors together (structural embeddedness) and, on the other hand, the social strands supplementing economic strands in each relation (substantive embeddedness). In this paper, a network framework is outlined which proposes several layers or ‘orders’ of embeddedness. Focusing on small firms, the point of departure is individual exchange relationships as personal ties combining economic and social concerns. First-order embeddedness concerns the localized business networks created by combining these dyadic relations. Second-order embeddedness is achieved when considering also the memberships of business persons in economic and social local institutions while third-order embeddedness concerns the special cases where these institutions bridge gaps between firms. The network model is operationalized and applied to a small Swedish industrial (furniture) community, its firms and economic/social institutions. The findings generally support the applicability of the model and demonstrate the supplementarity of different layers/orders of embeddedness. Further research challenges are deduced and implications for practitioners are provided.     

我国临空经济区产业规划与发展刍议——以南京临空经济区为例

临空经济区是区域经济发展到一定程度的产物。在经济全球化和知识经济时代,发展临空经济已经成为越来越多的国家和地区进行全球资源配置的战略选择。本文从分析国内外临空经济区发展的基本特征入手,结合南京临空经济区实际,从多角度提出了南京临空经济区产业发展的战略规划和运行保障机制。     

基于成本差异的最佳贸易与产业政策选择

本文讨论了存在成本差异的第三国市场模型的最佳贸易与产业政策选择问题,讨论了社会成本和私人成本、本国和外国成本差异情况下的Cournot竞争和Bertrand竞争的情况。本文发现,在Cournot竞争下,政府首先行动时,当政府基金影子价格低于4／3时,政府对出口进行补贴,并且本国越有成本优势,补贴越高,补贴的利润转移效应越大;当政府基金影子价格高于4／3时,政府对出口征收出口税,且本国越有成本优势,征税越多。在Bertrand竞争下,当政府先行动时,对出口征收出口税;当政府后行动时,对出口进行补贴。当本国企业具有劣势时,事后补贴是最佳政蓑。     

基于轴辐式系统的都市圈城际快递网络规划研究

分析了目前都市圈内快递企业的现状以及轴辐式系统的应用研究情况,根据都市圈内枢纽城市的地理分布特征,提出了两种轴辐式都市圈城际快递网络规划理论模型,旨在实现城际快递资源整合的基础上提高都市圈城际快递的运作效率,降低物流成本,减轻城市交通压力,并在此基础上提出了相应的政策建议。     

Multi-criteria analysis of economic complexity transition in emerging economies: The case of Paraguay

Like many emerging economies, the productive structure of the Paraguayan economy is not complex. It relies extensively on low value-added activities in the primary sector such as agriculture and cattle ranching. These activities have a lower return in terms of economic and social benefits than other potential productive activities and do not contribute to increasing capability accumulation. In this paper we present a tool to support the identification of strategic sectors and products which if taken advantage of, could leverage development through the accumulation of productive capabilities. Our guiding question is: Which productive sectors should be promoted to foster economic development in Paraguay through a transition towards a more complex economy? To answer this question, we use concepts from the Economic Complexity theory to identify new products and cluster them based on the Product Space methodology for the determination of potential products and combine it with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for multicriteria analysis considering multiple criteria. In doing so, our proposed methodology contributes to both the Economic Complexity and the AHP literature. Through this combination, we tackle the multiplicity of juxtaposed criteria, which should be considered at the prioritization stage in the crafting of economic restructuring measures according to the country's capabilities. Our evaluation showed that the combination of the approaches is useful, and for Paraguay's case, it helped identify sectors, which, if promoted by policymakers, could help boost economic development through complexity and capability accumulation.     

Developing design principles for the digitalisation of purchasing and supply management

This paper develops an approach to evaluating designs for digitalisation interventions in purchasing and supply management (PSM), and identifies some fundamental design principles for such interventions. A set of advanced technologies for digitalisation and a theory-based set of seven value drivers for PSM are identified for the proposed grid to facilitate the design of applications and interventions for digitalising PSM. The grid relates the digital technologies to the PSM value drivers in a matrix-like manner, allowing the structured consideration of the space defined by these two dimensions. The proposed approach to the strategic evolution of digitalisation in PSM is tested and its utility is demonstrated in analyses of practitioner literature and multiple case-study-based perspectives on PSM digitalisation. Two fundamental design principles relating to the use of the grid, or to the filling of its space, are set out, thus the research provides new theoretical perspectives on the design of advanced forms of PSM digitalisation. The proposed grid may be used in application design, communicating current and future states of PSM digitalisation to stakeholders, and specifically in developing a future-oriented strategy with a digitalization element for the PSM function.     

Conceptualizing and measuring “industry resilience”: Composite indicators for postshock industrial policy decision-making

Can resilience be a relevant concept for industrial policy? Resilience is usually described as the ability of a socioeconomic system to recover from unexpected shocks. While this concept has caught the attention of regional economics researchers seeking to understand the different patterns behind regional recovery after a disruption, it is increasingly recognized that resilience can have policy-relevant conceptual applications in many other regards. In this paper, we apply it to industries and define the “industry resilience” concept and measurements. Our contribution is twofold. Theoretically, we frame industry resilience as a useful conceptual framework for policy-making to support the selection of industrial policy targets that are more capable of recovering after unexpected shocks. In addition, industry resilience can mitigate government failures by supporting decision-makers in promoting both economically and socially sustainable structural change. Methodologically, building on post-2008 U.S. data, we develop two composite indicators (CIs) to separately analyze quantitative and qualitative postshock variations in sectoral employment. Such CIs support policy-makers in visualizing sectoral performances dynamically and multidimensionally and can be used to compare each sector both to other sectors and to its counterfactual. Our results highlight that sectors react heterogeneously to shocks. This points to the relevance of tailoring vertical industrial policies according to sector features and the aims of industrial policy initiatives.     

北京市办公业的空间格局演变及其模式研究

通过对北京城市写字楼2009年调研数据的空间统计,研究北京市办公业的空间格局演变及其模式.研究发现:北京市写字楼总体呈现集聚的空间分布模式,分布重心向北倾斜明显,主要分布方向为"西北-东南",空间离散程度逐渐加大,显有逐渐向近郊及远郊推进的趋势.同时,北京市写字楼的空间分布经历了分散-集中-再分散的过程,"西北-东南"向的空间格局标示着北京城市办公功能空间布局的主导方向;其演变模式先后经历了离散-极化-扩散-稳定四个发展阶段.未来一段时间内,在中心城区内部已形成的办公集聚区的空间承载量有限的情况下,办公活动将向外扩展,办公活动郊区化将对缓解中心城区高度集聚、平衡城区与郊区发展不平衡的矛盾和优化城市功能空间分布起到积极作用.     

IMPACT ON FIRMS OF THE USE OF KNOWLEDGE EXTERNAL SOURCES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

This study summarizes the main conclusions from a systematic review of the empirical literature regarding the impact on firms of the use of knowledge external sources (universities, research institutes and knowledge intensive business services). With the aim to organize the literature, we classify the different works according to the research question addressed: (i) which firms use knowledge external sources?; (ii) Do firms using knowledge external sources achieve better results?; And (iii) which firms benefit the most from using knowledge external sources? Stylized facts are that larger, more R&D intensive and high tech firms are more likely to use knowledge external sources and that use of knowledge external sources is associated to firms higher technical results. Less attention has been paid to the third question and evidence is not conclusive. Several recommendations for future research emerge. First, to take in greater consideration methodological issues so that potential biases in the results caused by sample selection and endogeneity are handled properly. Second, to pay more attention to heterogeneous outcomes. Third, to use continuous indicators of depth and breadth of links allowing for non‐linear relationships and fourth, to extend evidence for developing countries and service industries.