非税收入的概念辨析及中美比较的可行性研究

国内为数不多的研究美国非税收入的文献,往往将美国联邦政府使用者收费等同于美国非税收入,并与中国非税收入相比较。针对这种情况,本文通过对美国"非税"相关文献资料的考察,以及对美国联邦政府预算分类和使用者收费内涵的分析研究,得出美国目前的预算分类和财政统计中不存在任何现成的"非税收入"及其近似概念。已有研究中的所谓联邦政府非税收入在财政收入中的占比计算更是将两种完全不同的收入分类相除,这不仅无意义,而且与中国非税收入在财政收入中的占比毫无可比性。本文在将美国联邦政府"非税收入"定义为"美国联邦政府从公众处获得的一切除税收之外的收入"的基础上,计算出联邦政府"非税收入"与"总收入"之比为25%～30%。此外,本文还给出了布鲁金斯税收政策中心的"非税收入"定义及其根据联邦人口普查局政府调查数据计算得出的全美非税收入规模。本文认为,如果要对美国"非税收入"总量进行考察,尤其是要与中国非税收入进行比较,须事先对所研究的"非税收入"内涵进行定义。     

Does the ‘non-traditional expatriate’ exist? A critical exploration of new expatriation categories

Non-Traditional Expatriates (NTEs) are rapidly increasing in the global talent pool, but remains a ‘black-box’ in the Expatriate Management and Global Mobility literatures. This article advances the conceptualisation of NTEs, due to the nascent research field is lacking construct clarity in terms of the meaning of the term as well as an operationalised conceptual framework. Five underlying assumptions in the scarce extant literature are identified and discussed, as a means to responding to the following research questions: (i) how credible is the NTE term as an expatriation typology?; and (ii) how can the conceptual framework of NTEs be operationalised? If these key issues remain unsolved, there is a risk of establishing flawed research design which can negatively affect researchers’ credibility when providing policy advice on global staffing and talent management to international managers and Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). This conceptual article draws upon key social anthropological and sociological theories, and proposes a relational research design for investigating NTEs, as well as propositions for future research.     

SKU performance and distribution: A large-scale analysis of the role of product characteristics with store scanner data

This study investigates the relationship between distribution and market share across various consumer packaged goods (CPG) categories and specific stock keeping units (SKUs). The study identifies product-related characteristics that result in substantive deviations above or below market shares predicted by the distribution – market share relationship. The association of product price, brand (private label [PL] v. national brand [NB]) and pack size with above (or below) expected market share for a given distribution level is analysed. Results indicate larger pack sizes, PL and medium price levels result in market share above what would be predicted by an SKU’s distribution. This presents a source for competitive advantage in markets driven by push–pull dynamics.     

Performance of impact investing: A value creation approach

The purpose of this article is to present an overview about the origins of value creation in impact investing and propose a measure of value creation. According to this point of view, impact investing, i.e. investing in enterprises with a both social and financial objective can be justified only if those enterprises can provide for a higher performance than with a simple portfolio diversification (separate investment in two types of activity). After an overview about the sources of value creation in impact investees as well as about a discussion on existing methods, we propose a method to measure multidimensional value creation.     

FDI流入我国东部地区的效应及启示

FDI为我国东部地区带来了促进经济增长、扩大就业、产业集聚、制度创新等积极效应.也带来了区域经济非均衡、"挤出"内资企业、冲击我国经济等消极效应.应扬长避短,发挥FDI更持久的积极效应,并在中部崛起中吸收有益经验,实现协调发展.     

Socially Responsible Fixed-Income Funds

Abstract:  The growing importance of SRI in the investment arena has resulted in considerable academic interest in the performance of socially responsible equity mutual funds. Remarkably, no attempts have been made to evaluate the performance of mutual funds that invest in socially responsible fixed-income securities. This study fills that gap by measuring the performance of socially responsible bond and balanced funds relative to matched samples of conventional funds, over the period 1987–2003. Using multi-index performance evaluation models, we show that the average SRI bond fund performed similar to conventional funds, while the average SRI balanced fund outperformed its conventional peers by more than 1.3% per year. The expenses charged by SRI funds, match those charged by conventional funds and, evidently, do not cause SRI funds to underperform.     

Cosmetic mergers: The effect of style investing on the market for corporate control

We study the impact of “style investing” on the market for corporate control. We argue that the choice of the bidder is influenced by the fact that the merge with a firm that belongs to an investment style more popular with the market may boost the bidder's value. By using data on the flows in mutual funds, we construct a measure of popularity, which relies directly on the identification of sentiment-induced investor demand, rather than being a direct transformation of stock market data. We show that differences in popularity between bidder and target help to explain their pairing. The merger with a more popular target generates a halo effect from the target to the bidder that induces the market to evaluate the assets of the less popular bidder at the (inflated) market value of the more popular target. Both bidder and target premiums are positively related to the difference in popularity between the target and the bidder. However, the target's ability to appropriate the gain is reduced by the fact that its bargaining position is weaker when the bidder's potential for asset appreciation is higher. We document a better short- and medium-term performance of less popular firms taking over more popular firms. The bidder managers engaging in these cosmetic mergers take advantage of the window of opportunity induced by the deal to reduce their stake in the firm under convenient conditions.     

农村义务教育投资的地区差异

本文从三个方面对我国农村义务教育投资的地区差异及其变化进行了分析,认为,我国农村义务教育的地区投入差异的变化与国家投入体制有关.因不同地区在经费收支结构上表现出不同的特点,建议政府加大对农村义务教育投入的同时,优化教育投资结构.     

Suppliers' roles in category management: A study of supplier–retailer relationships in Finland and Sweden

The purpose of this paper is to analyze suppliers' roles in category management (CM) in the context of Finnish and Swedish supplier–retailer relationships. Using data from a survey of a sample of Finnish and Swedish suppliers, the study shows that the concept of CM is well known among both Finnish and Swedish suppliers, and that most of them have experience of CM as a key operational business process. The study also shows that, in general, larger suppliers in both Finland and Sweden have a relatively strong role in CM collaboration, whereas smaller suppliers (especially in Finland) are more likely to have a lesser role in CM collaboration. Suppliers with a strong role in CM collaboration are generally more capable of influencing individual CM tactics than suppliers with an equal role to competitors or those with no role (both in Finland and in Sweden). The study also finds that the effects of CM are perceived more positively among suppliers who have influence in decision-making regarding CM collaboration than among those who have no role in such decision-making. However, the opinions of suppliers who have no role in CM collaboration are neutral, rather than being especially negative. Qualitative studies, including face-to-face discussions with managers representing manufacturers who are more or less excluded from CM collaboration, might provide a more thorough understanding of CM from their perspective.     

关于优化湖北省投资环境的思考

优化投资环境对于提升区域综合竞争力具有非凡的意义,总结改革开放30多年来的经验与教训,加强投资环境建设是实现湖北省持续发展的重要途经。介绍了投资环境的概念、优化投资环境的作用和意义,并结合湖北省投资环境存在的主要问题,提出优化湖北省投资环境的对策建议。