基于Falvey模型的H-O第三定理及其政策意义研究

利用Falvey模型推出H-O第三定理及其丰富的政策意义,即劳动丰富的国家或地区出口国际竞争力低的商品,资本丰富的国家或地区出口国际竞争力高的商品。提高工资率或者降低资本租金率可以扩大该国或该地区产品的国际竞争力区域,但不会逆转国际竞争力现状。只有提高工资率和降低资本租金率的政策同时实施,才能够逆转该国或该地区的国际竞争力现状。辽宁省农产品国际竞争力现状基本上支持了H-O第三定理及其政策意义。     

First passage time for compound Poisson processes with diffusion: ruin theoretical and financial applications

In this paper, we propose to revisit Kendall’s identity (see, e.g. Kendall (1957)) related to the distribution of the first passage time for spectrally negative Lévy processes. We provide an alternative proof to Kendall’s identity for a given class of spectrally negative Lévy processes, namely compound Poisson processes with diffusion, through the application of Lagrange’s expansion theorem. This alternative proof naturally leads to an extension of this well-known identity by further examining the distribution of the number of jumps before the first passage time. In the process, we generalize some results of Gerber (1990 Gerber, H. U. (1990). When does the surplus reach a given target? Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 9, 115–119.  [Google Scholar]) to the class of compound Poisson processes perturbed by diffusion. We show that this main result is particularly relevant to further our understanding of some problems of interest in actuarial science. Among others, we propose to examine the finite-time ruin probability of a dual Poisson risk model with diffusion or equally the distribution of a busy period in a specific fluid flow model. In a second example, we make use of this result to price barrier options issued on an insurer’s stock price.     

Optimal generic advertising in an imperfectly competitive food industry with variable proportions⋆

This paper determines the impact of food industry market power on farmers' incentives to promote in a situation where funds for promotion are raised through a per‐unit assessment on farm output and food industry technology is characterized by variable proportions. Specifically, building on earlier studies by Azzam [Am. J. Agric. Econ. 80 (1998) 76] and Holloway [Am. J. Agric. Econ. 73 (1991) 979], Muth's [Oxford Econ. Papers 16 (1965) 221] model is extended to consider the farm‐level impacts of generic advertising when downstream firms possess oligopoly and/or oligopsony power and advertising expenditure is endogenous at the market level. Applying the model to the US beef industry, we find that for plausible parameter values market power reduces farmers' incentives to promote. However, the disincentive is moderated by factor substitution, and effectively vanishes as the factor substitution elasticity approaches the retail demand elasticity. This suggests that the Dorfman–Steiner theorem, suitably modified to account for factor substitution, suffices to indicate optimal advertising intensity in the US beef sector.     

Books Reviewed

Books reviewed:
Brack, Duncan, Michael Grubb and Craig Windram, International Trade and Climate Change Policies
Challen, Ray, Institutions, Transaction Costs and Environmental Policy: Institutional Reform for Water Resources
Dragun, Andrew K. and Clem Tisdell, (eds.) Sustainable Agriculture and Environment: Globalisation and the Impact of Trade Liberalisation
Sen, Amartya, Development as Freedom
Grabowski, Richard, Pathways to Economic Development
Koutstaal, Paul, Economic Policy and Climate Change: Tradable Permits for Reducing Carbon Emissions     

如何理解“制度重要”命题——从哈耶克“知识问题”视角看科斯的比较制度分析

虽然自科斯定理出现以来,人们普遍接受了在一个交易成本为正的世界中制度重要命题,但由于各种原因该命题存在着极大的被新古典化的风险,制度分析被窄化为制度的均衡分析。从这种分析出发,作为外在第三方的经济学家被认为可以基于对有关交易成本信息的完全掌握而对制度效率进行事前比较。本文从哈耶克的知识问题出发对这种分析路径进行批判,认为这实际上相当于以另外一种方式将人们重新拉回到零交易成本世界。     

碳市场:原理、实践和前景

全球气温变暖使得减少二氧化碳等温室气体的排放变得十分必要,由《京都议定书》催生出来的以交易温室气体排放权为主的国际碳市场就是解决这一问题的有益尝试。本文从经济理论出发,分析了国际碳市场的形成基础和运行条件,通过对该市场现状的研究,指出了其存在的问题和今后的发展前景,并对我国如何发展碳市场提出了相关建议。     

利用微分方程求辅助函数证明中值定理

对于微分中值定理有关证明,"奇妙"的构造辅助函数问题。利用微分方程的求解,分析辅助函数的内在特征,给出一种构造方法。     

A General Fractional White Noise Theory And Applications To Finance

We present a new framework for fractional Brownian motion in which processes with all indices can be considered under the same probability measure. Our results extend recent contributions by Hu, Øksendal, Duncan, Pasik-Duncan, and others. As an application we develop option pricing in a fractional Black-Scholes market with a noise process driven by a sum of fractional Brownian motions with various Hurst indices.     

对共同基金定理的重新认识——完整市场研究

本文提出了对连续时间共同基金定理的重新认识,这一新认识的提出摆脱了以往研究中对投资者消费和最终财富效用函数的假设。不过,这些效用函数都是可时间累加的、非减的函数。这样的理论延伸要归功于特别的数学方法,不过这种数学方法也不外乎应用离散过程和线性代数的简单属性。本文的研究结果适用于完整市场。