21世纪社区社会工作所面临的新挑战:以西班牙为例

我们这个复杂的社会所面临的结构性问题,如2007年秋季由美国债券市场崩溃所引发的经济危机,要求社会干预从社区社会工作的立场中复兴.本文中,我们讨论的是在西班牙社会工作专业所面临的实践挑战.首先,我们是从在西班牙过去的两年里开展的社区社会行动计划中得出的结论,同时我们在设计为复苏网络和现实中的社区的网络方法论中也得到了经验.总之,在社区背景下我们形成了成功社会干预实践的十点建议.     

法的建立、法的实施与权益资本成本

本文以上市公司的权益资本成本为衡量指标,分别从法的建立和法的实施两个方面研究我国中小投资者法律保护的作用。研究结果发现,法的建立作用有限,中小投资者保护立法仅在某些特定阶段对权益资本成本产生影响;而法的实施作用明显,有关法律实施的典型事件和地区差异对权益资本成本具有显著的降低作用。     

执法监测中正确使用环境标准初探

经过近四十年的发展和完善,我国的环境标准已形成了“两级五类”的完整体系。基层监测人员在执法监测中对环境标准的选择,要结合环境影响批复和污染工艺、排放去向进行综合考虑。在排污许可证上载明的污染物排放浓度与排放标准中规定的浓度限值不一致的情况下,应慎重选取排放标准规定的浓度限值。使用环境标准的基本原则是地方标准优先于国家标准,行业标准优先于综合标准,新标准优先于旧标准,地方政府文件不具有标准效力。     

Visitor centre staffing: Involving volunteers

Volunteer involvement in visitor centres has received little attention by tourism researchers despite the critical role staff play in welcoming tourists to a destination and promoting tourism activities. The community function of visitor centres - of which volunteering is part - has also been underplayed in previous research. Using data from a survey and interviews with visitor centre managers in Australia, this paper investigates the rationales for staffing visitor centres with volunteers and/or paid employees and, related to motivations for volunteering, the factors influencing the attractiveness of visitor centre volunteer programmes. The dominant rationales for involving volunteers are need, community involvement, visitor experience, and the personal qualities and motivations of volunteers. Visitor centre volunteering is attractive because of location and local pride, interactions with tourists and social relationships with other volunteers, and the reputation of the visitor centre and its volunteer programme.     

Residents’ support for red tourism in China: The moderating effect of central government

This study proposes and tests a model that incorporates two competing theories of political trust, institutional trust and cultural trust, to examine community support for “red tourism” development. Using data gathered from residents living in close proximity to Jinggangshan Scenic Area in China, this study examines the influence of authoritarian values, particularly as they relate to level of residents’ power, their level of trust in government, and their effects on support for “red tourism.” Findings suggest that trust in central government moderates the relationship between trust in local government and support. Future studies should utilize the institutional trust framework to assess residents’ trust in the local government and the cultural trust framework to assess trust in the central government.     

Mega-events as drivers of community participation in developing countries: The case of Shanghai World Expo

Within a wide body of literature it has been argued and demonstrated that community participation in tourism development is advantageous in terms of the sustainability and effectiveness of the development policies adopted. However, over time, doubts have been raised about whether community participation should take place in developing countries. There are major concerns regarding the immaturity and the incompliance of the political and social conditions of developing countries in relation to the requirements necessary for an effective participatory planning. In this paper, we argue that mega-events, due to their wide scope and the key role that large groups of stakeholders play in their success, may represent a driver for community participation in developing countries. In order to explore our idea, we will analyse tourism development and the planning of a mega-event within the Yangtze River Delta area, driven by the organisation and preparation of the Shanghai World Expo. According to our evidence, some initial elements of participative decision-making have indeed developed around the organisation of this mega-event, even though China has historically been considered refractory towards community participation. Finally, we discuss the findings in the light of existing knowledge to elicit significant questions about community participation in tourism development within developing countries and to address further research on this topic.