企业自主创新能力与竞争优势关系的实证研究

随着资源优势和低成本优势的消失,进行自主创新成为企业在全球化竞争中获胜的决定性因素。以企业层面的技术创新活动为研究对象,首先从技术创新的过程或资源要素视角建立指标评价体系,主要包括创新投入、创新倾向、创新动力和创新产出4个方面。然后根据指标体系设定直接模型、间接模型两个研究框架,发现自主创新与竞争优势的演化路径。最后以浙江省制造业为例,通过问卷调查的方式对模型进行验证,提出一系列具有可操作性的建议。     

知识产权保护、行业特征与我国制造业出口比较优势

文章旨在分析知识产权保护能否成为我国制造业出口新的比较优势,利用我国1992-2012年对140个国家或地区的24个制造业行业的出口数据实证检验了三个理论命题。研究发现,知识产权保护对制造业出口比较优势的影响存在门槛,当知识产权保护程度跨过“知识产权保护门槛”后,知识产权保护与行业特征的协同效应才能有利于形成新的出口比较优势;从R&D投入强度、专属性投资强度以及关键要素投入强度三个方面,把我国24个制造业行业分为高行业特征和低行业特征分别进行估计后得到不同结论,低R&D投入强度和低关键要素投入强度制造业行业中,知识产权保护与行业特征的协同作用显著的有利于我国对贸易伙伴出口的增长,相反则不利于我国对贸易伙伴出口的增长。从我国出口方向来看,知识产权保护与产业特征的协同作用,对知识产权保护程度高于我国的地区来说,不能够显著提升出口比较优势。     

我国区际产业转移与对接机制研究

区域协调发展理念下,区际产业转移与对接是促进产业结构调整升级的重要手段。基于区际产业转移与对接内涵、动力机制等既有研究,从考虑运输成本的“推-拉”模型与异质性企业区位选择效应的市场动力机制,以及信息不对称下强弱势政府间竞争博弈机制两个维度,剖析我国区际产业转移与对接内在机理。从创新顶层设计、发挥比较优势、降低交易成本3个方面探讨了促进区际产业转移与对接的政策保障措施。     

Competitive balance and the participation–spectatorship gap in Chinese table tennis

Excessive competitive imbalance holds the potential to render teams and, by extension, leagues inviable. The China Table Tennis Super League has languished in its attempt to catch on as a popular spectator sport in spite of the sport’s popularity as recreational activity. One of the primary reasons for the participation–spectatorship gap cited by officials is competitive imbalance. This research estimates a number of within-season balance measures, including the standard deviation of winning, concentration ratio, and Herfindahl–Hirschman Index. The results show that both the men’s and women’s leagues have been relatively balanced over time. Implications regarding competitive balance and other league policy considerations are explored.     

企业性格内涵、表现形式与演化机制

在明确界定企业性格内涵的基础上,构建了一个探索性理论架构,试图阐明由组织成员个体人格到组织层面企业性格的表现形式和演化机制,并基于6项核心特征分析,指出企业性格对组织竞争优势形成的3条作用路径,提炼出竞争优势形成的性格基础观,为未来研究提出整合性分析框架。     

OFDI对中国产业比较优势动态升级的影响

随着经济全球化的发展,国际分工深化为全球价值链分工。从规模效应、结构效应、技术效应3个方面阐释了OFDI对比较优势动态升级的影响机理,利用WIOD数据库测算出1995-2014年中国制造业出口增加值、产业出口优化度EO指数、GVC地位指数并分别表征规模效应、结构效应、技术效应,应用改进后的贸易引力模型和时间序列模型,对3个效应进行检验。研究结果显示,中国企业开展OFDI可以促进比较优势的动态升级,实现价值链攀升。     

基于技术引进的集成创新机制——来自我国优秀企业的多案例研究

随着全球经济一体化的推进,培育自主创新能力对于后发企业在激烈的市场竞争中获取竞争优势至关重要。采用案例研究方法,深入分析了格兰仕、广日电梯、奇瑞汽车以及中集集团如何通过由技术引进到消化吸收再到自主集成创新的集成创新模式构建自主创新能力。最后,在案例企业成功经验的基础上,指出了对其它后发企业的有益启示。     

How foreign firms achieve competitive advantage in the Chinese emerging economy: Managerial ties and market orientation

As China experience unprecedented changes in its social, legal, and economic institutions, on what should foreign firms focus more to overcome this challenge, managerial ties or market orientation? This study investigates how managerial ties and market orientation affect competitive advantage and, consequently, firm performance in China. On the basis of a survey of 179 foreign firms in China, we find that both managerial ties and market orientation can lead to firm success—but in different ways. Market orientation enhances firm performance by providing differentiation and cost advantages, whereas managerial ties improve performance through an institutional advantage (i.e., superiority in securing scarce resources and institutional support). Institutional advantage, in turn, leads to differentiation and cost advantages and consequently superior performance.     

Applicability of the resource-based and dynamic-capability views under environmental volatility

This study uses a group of informants and applies a step-by-step empirical process to examine the applicability of the resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic-capability view (DCV) to environmental volatility. Through examining 253 Taiwanese firms, this study finds that the explanatory power of DCV exceeds that of RBV in volatile environments. Firms that possess dynamic capabilities can effectively enhance their competitive advantages, despite facing highly volatile environments. Nevertheless, the RBV is effective in some ways and firms with valuable, rare, inimitable, and nonsubstitutable resources still possess competitive advantages. This article closes with theoretical and practical implications.     

劳动力全球化视角下的中国国际竞争力变化——来自亚洲新兴国家的比较

本文从劳动力全球化视角,根据相对劳动成本平价模型,以美国为比较基准,选择东亚4国和印度为比较对象,对1991—2008年的6国相对劳动平价、实际汇率变动和相对劳动成本变动做了系列研究。研究表明,就全时期而言,中国的实际汇率与基期相比已处于升值状态,而其他发展中国家贬值程度扩大;分时期看,在东南亚金融危机前,中国具有相对劳动成本优势。东南亚金融危机后,劳动成本优势持续下降。本次金融危机后,国际竞争力继续恶化。根据研究结果,认为人民币不具升值空间,保持汇率稳定是当前的最优策略。