Business values dimensions: A cross-culturally developed measure of workforce values

Using a stratified random sample drawn from 11,709 business professionals’ survey responses across 26 societies, we investigated and failed to find support for the construct validity of the Schwartz Values Survey’s (SVS) a priori 10-factor circumplex model of human values, originally developed from student and teacher responses. Subsequent exploratory factor analysis estimated an initial five-factor solution, the Business Value Dimensions (BVD) model. In turn, CFA supported the cross-cultural validity of this alternative configuration of values for business professionals. Internal consistency reliabilities for these five values factors are reported for the 26 societies plus an additional 25 societies that did not meet sample size criteria to be included in the analyses. As a result, findings are provided for a total of 51 societies (14,724 business professionals). We present the five-factor BVD model for use in future international research with business professional populations.     

RCV框架下高校科技成果转化瓶颈分析

长期以来,科技成果转化被认为是高校科技创新的“最后一公里”问题。基于RCV框架分析发现,现有体制下的高校科技成果转化在3个维度上都存在难以逾越的鸿沟,指出虽然以往高校科技成果转化激励政策众多,但基本呈“头重脚重中间轻”,即高校前沿技术研发（头部）与技术最终商业化（脚部）之间存在一大段政策空白。要解决这一问题,必须通过政策设计重点解决高校科技研发到成果最终商业化的“接力”与“协同”问题。因此,在高校内部,可对评价机制和职务科技成果所有制进行改革探索。一方面设置开发研究高级职称,另一方面赋予科研团队应有的职务科技成果知识产权,以充分激发高校科研团队进行成果转化的内生动力;在高校外部,可通过结合市场实际情况培育一批致力于中试的企业或机构,对高校非成熟前沿技术进行接力研发,进而有效解决产业链与技术链协同问题。     

企业性格内涵、表现形式与演化机制

在明确界定企业性格内涵的基础上,构建了一个探索性理论架构,试图阐明由组织成员个体人格到组织层面企业性格的表现形式和演化机制,并基于6项核心特征分析,指出企业性格对组织竞争优势形成的3条作用路径,提炼出竞争优势形成的性格基础观,为未来研究提出整合性分析框架。     

竞争性战略联盟中合作绩效的影响因素分析

提出了风险、信任、合作模式和联盟绩效之间的概念模型,采用方差分析的方法,对概念模型包含的各种假设做实证分析。研究结果表明:我国的竞争对手之间的合作是非理性的,信任不是建立在合作绩效的基础上,合作中往往不考虑风险对绩效的影响,只重视股权合作的方式。     

人力资源与竞争优势:一个改进的VRIO框架

以RBV理论和动态能力理论(DCV)为基础,采用经典的"输入—转化—输出"分析范式,从系统理论的视角,提出了一个改进的VRIO框架,描述了如何通过HR管理来获取竞争优势。改进的VRIO框架的含义是:组织输入的人力资源应当具备竞争优势潜力;组织的转化能力由组织学习、组织行动和激励机制这三项相互作用的系统要素构成;组织输入的人力资源,经过有效转化,就能输出为竞争优势。     

Testing measurement invariance using multigroup CFA: differences between educational groups in human values measurement

This article applies the testing procedures for measurement invariance using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA). It illustrates these procedures by investigating the factorial structure and invariance of the Portraits Value Questionnaire (PVQ, Schwartz et al.: J. Cross Cult. Psychol. 32(5), 519–542 (2001)) across three education groups in a population sample (N  =  1,677). The PVQ measures 10 basic values that Schwartz postulates to comprehensively describe the human values recognized in all societies (achievement, hedonism, self-direction, benevolence, conformity, security, stimulation, power, tradition and universalism). We also estimate and compare the latent means of the three education groups. The analyses show partial invariance for most of the 10 values and parameters. As expected, the latent means show that less educated respondents attribute more importance to security, tradition, and conformity values.     

欧盟研发框架计划的评估实践

欧盟研发框架计划是目前全球资助规模最大的政府科技计划,其评估工作起步较早,形成了较为规范的监测评估机制,对欧盟科研资助政策的调整和FP管理工作的完善均发挥了重要作用。对FP评估活动的法律基础、组织实施方式、评估对象、评估方法和评估案例等做了较为详细的介绍和分析,以期为我国科技计划的评估工作提供一定借鉴。     

Competing Industrial Standards and the Impact of Trade Liberalization

The main purpose of this study is to illustrate, with simple trade theory, the relationship between competing industrial standards and trade liberalization. We assume that there are two competing industrial standards in an international context, each of which applies to a group of differentiated products. A product can be used only in combination with other products based on the same industrial standard. We examine the impact of trade liberalization (i.e., a decline in trade costs) on consumers’ choice of a standard. It will be shown that the degree of indirect network effects, captured with substitution between differentiated products, plays an important role as a determinant of the impact of trade liberalization.     

Network structure and robustness: lessons for research programme design

The information and communication technology (ICT) network of the last two European Research Framework Programmes (FPs) is deeply influenced by two distinct groups of organizations: a small group of hubs (3% of the participants) hold the key to keeping the network together and a second group of non-hub connectors large enough (39% of the participants) with a significant share of the overall networking activity provide a robust base for the network. The ICT network can survive the removal of single important funding instruments such as integrated projects or specific targeted research projects. Increasing policy rhetoric on innovative application in the new FP (Horizon 2020) should be reflected in a shift of core participants from largely public research and teaching organizations to private-sector companies.