竞争优势理论及其对我国服务贸易的启示

国家竞争优势理论是当前流行的国际贸易理论学说,该理论对一国制定服务业发展战略和提升国际服务贸易竞争力具有重要的借鉴意义。本文从国家竞争优势理论出发,在对我国服务贸易现状进行分析的基础上,提出以服务贸易国际竞争力为导向的若干对策建议。     

我国出口商品比较优势的实证分析:1980-2000

改革开放20多年以来,我国出口商品的比较优势发生了哪些变化?我国出口商品的比较优势是否符合生产要素禀赋理论?我国比较优势的变化是否遵循了巴拉萨的阶段比较优势理论?在对以上问题做实证分析时,本文把出口产品分成资源密集型产品、资本密集型产品和劳动密集型产品,并计算这三大类产品在1980年至2000年期间巴拉萨显示比较优势指数(RevealedComparativeAd鄄vantage)和净出口比率指数(NetTradeRatio)。在此基础上得出结论:我国出口商品比较优势基本上符合生产要素禀赋理论,并遵循了阶段比较优势原则。     

Competitiveness of Egyptian cotton exports in the international market

Cotton plays a vital role in the Egyptian economy by meeting domestic and export demands,contributing significantly to agriculture,industry,export earnings,and providing a cash income to roughly one million small farmers.This paper examines the competitiveness of Egyptian cotton exports（ECE） in the international market during the period 1990-2006.It mainly aims at investigating the trends in cotton exports over the studied period,analyzing the competitive position of Egyptian cotton by employing several economic and trade indices,and identifying the key factors that influence Egypt＇s cotton exports to the world.The results revealed that the total quantity of ECE has fallen from 196.8 thousand tons in 2003 to 87.2 thousand tons in 2006.It also shows a high degree of geographic concentration of ECE,into India,Italy,the Republic of Korea,and Japan.Together,these markets imported about 50%of ECE during 1990-2006.The competitive advantage of Egyptian cotton would appear dependent on quality not price.Japan,the Republic of Korea and Italy presented the most stable markets for ECE.Linear regression analysis suggests that a one percent increase in the Egypt-to-USA export price ratio leads to a decrease in ECE by about 27.8 thousand tons.Such analysis has also shown a positive and significant effect of the World Trade Organization on ECE.     

中小企业融资租赁研究

本文具体探讨了融资租赁业务的会计处理方式、发展思路,分析了中小企业开展融资租赁的优势。最后从法律环境、财税制度、担保系统方面介绍完善中小企业融资租赁的对策建议,以便更好的为中小企业实施筹资提供方略,解决其融资困难的燃眉之急,从而进一步带动经济增长。     

Spatial externalities and agglomeration in a competitive industry

We introduce spatial spillovers as an externality in the production function of competitive firms operating within a finite spatial domain under adjustment costs. Spillovers may attenuate with distance and the overall externality could contain positive and negative components with the overall effect being positive. We show that when the spatial externality is not internalized by firms, spatial agglomerations may emerge endogenously in a competitive equilibrium. The result does not require increasing returns at the private or the social level, increasing marginal productivity of private capital with respect to the externality, or location advantages. In fact agglomerations may emerge with decreasing returns to scale, declining marginal productivity of private capital with respect to the externality, and no location advantage. The result depends on the interactions between the structures of production technology and spatial effects as shown in the paper. No agglomerations emerge at the social optimum when spillovers are internalized and diminishing returns both from the private and the social point of view prevail. Numerical experiments with Cobb–Douglas and CES technologies and an isoelastic demand confirm our theoretical predictions.     

基于新疆竞争优势的中亚市场商品需求情况分析

本文对目前及未来中长期中亚国内市场短缺、需求量大而中国新疆又有竞争优势的行业及其产品需求情况进行了分析，以期对中国新疆企业面向中亚市场“走出去”提供借鉴。     

The reference model of competitiveness factors for SME medical sector

The paper presents the issue of SME competitiveness in terms of determining their competitive position on the market. The proposed reference model, focused on the evaluation of the competitiveness of a selected group of SMEs on the market of medical services, was developed to support strategic decision-making. The usefulness of the model is verified in the process of determining the competitive position of a selected group of participants, applying research methods of strategic analysis. Relationships, observed during the study, occurring between the competitiveness factors and the competitive position taken by a company, provide knowledge, whose utilization directs the company's business to improving its market performance, organizational and economic conditions.     

深圳高新技术产业从比较优势走向竞争优势的思考

高新技术产业凭借其成长力及可持续性,已成为全球产业中增长速度最快的产业之一,受到各国各城市重点扶持培养的产业。深圳作为南中国对外贸易的窗口,为保持长年高效的经济增长,深圳政府在20世纪90年代初开始培育高新技术产业,现在已成为全市的支柱产业之一。本文通过比较优势原理的分析方法,旨在找出深圳高新技术产业潜在的竞争优势,并分析探讨如何克服各种不利因素,最终形成该地区高新技术产业的竞争优势。     

比较优势、竞争优势与河南省制造业结构现状及其优化

本文将比较优势、竞争优势理论引入制造业结构评价中,以此为基础构造评价模型,将河南省29个产业部门划分为4种类型,据此对河南省制造业结构现状进行评价,在此基础上给出优化对策。     

平衡就业结构以发挥我国的比较优势

改革开放20多年来,我国经济保持了持续快速增长。但近年来,我国的就业结构却出现了明显的不平衡。这种不平衡突出地表现在两个方面:一是大学生就业压力增大;二是部分地区出现“民工荒”现象。本文拟从这两个方面分别进行分析,并探讨如何平衡就业结构以进一步发挥我国的比较优势。