石油贸易、石油安全与我国的对策

石油对我国经济和国家安全至关重要。自从1993年我国成为石油净进口国以来,我国石油对外依存度逐年上升。自2003年后,国际石油价格爆涨,我国石油安全比以往任何时候都更危险。同时,我国石油贸易还存在越贵越买的问题。本文分析了我国石油安全形势,认为我国石油安全已经处于危险状态,在此基础上,进一步提出了提高我国石油安全和改善石油贸易的建议。     

Making effective pricing decisions

Pricing is one of the most complex decisions facing any company. Along with a lack of academic interest (especially among marketing academics) in the field of pricing, this complexity has contributed to the dominance of simplified, cost-based formulas when levying prices. This article offers an alternative approach based on the concept of contribution margin and the need to take into consideration only those costs that are related directly to a specific pricing decision, an approach that is especially useful when a company decides to change its prices. Moreover, an empirical study regarding the practical use of this approach is also presented.     

东道国的融资环境和政府行为对于国际直接投资的影响

本文提出一个假说———在其他条件相同的情况下,一国吸引FDI的多少与本国企业所受到的投资约束是相关的,这种约束越大,吸收的FDI就越多。本文通过FDI行业集中度的国际比较,揭示出中国FDI行业集中度极其低下这一特殊现象,指出中国之所以能吸收如此大量的FDI,其中一个原因就是,我国企业的投资行为受到了极其严厉的金融约束和政府行为的限制。在这样的背景之下,一部分不具有任何比较优势的外资进入了中国,占领了我国市场。这对于中国经济的进一步发展是极其有害的。     

我国省域视角下经济增长方式的实证分析与对策——基于 1990-2012 年数据

经济发展方式转变是我国现阶段经济发展的必然选择,也是经济增长与自然、社会、人的全面发展相协调的客观要求。我国28个省（市、自治区）1990---2012年数据显示：我国经济增长呈粗放型发展;投资拉动和工业化是经济发展主要依靠,第三产业带动作用不强,人力资本的外溢效应不明显,技术具有正向作用,但科技资本存量的产出弹性较小．,外资和出口具有拉动作用;东部经济增长受出口拉动最为显著但受外资企业出口影响而削弱,合适的政府规模才有利于经济发展和增长。因此,未来我国应在人力资本、新型工业化、转变政府职能、均衡发挥内外生因素等方面转变和加强。     

和谐社会评价指标体系与评价模型及其应用

根据和谐社会的内涵与特征,选取4个方面18个评价指标组成层次结构指标体系,引入模糊隶属函数对各指标进行无量纲化处理,利用因子分析法确定各级指标权重,构建模糊综合评价模型对我国社会和谐度进行综合评价,并对评价结果进行分析。结果显示,我国社会总和谐度处于一般和较高之间,离全面建设社会主义和谐社会的目标仍有一定的距离。     

Using CRM to Manage Marketing Productivity

Abstract

The appropriate tool for measuring and managing marketing productivity is the present value of the total dollar contribution produced, divided by the total dollar value of the marketing effort expended to produce it. This ratio is referred to as the contribution return on marketing effort or CRM ratio. CRM integrated with activity based costing (ABC) and activity based management (ABM) systems, value analysis and value engineering (VA-VE) techniques offer a viable and practical foundation for managing customer relationship efforts and linking them to customer- and share holder value. The article offers a systematic approach for integrating contribution return on marketing (CRM) with customer relationship management (CRM).     

市场化程度、审计师选择与借款融资——来自中国民营上市公司的经验证据

以2004～2009年民营A股上市公司为样本,具体考察了审计师选择对公司借款融资的影响。研究表明,民营上市公司选择"四大"为外部审计师,会显著有助于公司后续的借款融资;进一步研究发现,在市场化程度较低的地区,民营上市公司选择"四大"为外部审计师对获取借款融资的影响有所加强。分析认为,基于信号传递理论,银行为了降低对市场化程度较低地区企业的贷款风险,由高质量事务所代表的高质量审计必然成为公司外部治理环境不完善的一种有效替代机制,以降低银行和公司间的信息不对称,实现上市公司借款融资的目的。     

Profitability analysis in UK organizations: An exploratory study

Recent research into management accounting practices suggests that companies are now placing considerable emphasis on profitability analysis and consider it to be one of the most important management accounting practices. There is however little recent empirical research relating to the content and role of profitability analysis in companies. This paper will address this omission and report the findings derived from a survey of UK companies relating to information that is contained in profitability reporting, generated for managing the existing mix of a firm's activities. In particular, it focuses on the nature, content and role of profitability analysis carrying out some exploratory analysis and testing various propositions to explain the divergence in observed practices.A distinctive feature of the research is that, unlike some previous research, rather than focusing on the information that is accumulated within the costing system it focuses primarily on the information that is extracted from it for different purposes. Not surprisingly we find that different information is extracted for profitability analysis than for pricing purposes. The research findings also indicate that firms use a hierarchy of profit measures within the periodic profitability analysis statements and that profitability analysis is used mainly for attention-directing purposes for signalling the need for more detailed studies. For profitability analysis, the findings suggest that, in terms of what is considered the most important attention-directing measure, the use of some form of full costs based on arbitrary allocations is not as widespread as that suggested by previous studies. Evidence is also presented to suggest that the level of cost system complexity influences the observed practices.     

外商直接投资对天津产业结构的贡献分析

外商直接投资是促进天津经济发展的一个重要因素,天津外商直接投资的规模不断扩大、层次不断提高,呈现出全方位、多层次、宽领域的格局。FDI对天津产业结构的发展有很大的影响,特别是对制造业和服务业的贡献很大。     

航空公司航线效益分析实证研究

针对以往航线分析中存在评价标准不统一、各类航线分析方法相对类似及主观因素成分较大而造成结果偏差等缺点,提出了一种基于航线贡献能力和增长能力的航线效益分析方法,将航线分为四类,并通过实例对典型航线进行了分析,发现航线运营中的问题,说明了采用此方法进行航线决策的可行性和有效性。