企业共生营销战略评价体系建设

企业实施共生营销战略,即通过结成共生关系促进经济资源的有效配置,进而达到优化企业资源、提高市场竞争力并共同发展的目的。共生营销战略的评价体系是整个共生战略实施过程中的最后一个环节,评价战略伙伴的选择、合作的相容性以及战略实施效果,可以有效地总结经验,对企业今后经营战略的制定与实施起到基础导航作用。     

基于目标理论的混合产品评价效应研究

以目标理论为基础,文章通过实验验证了消费者对混合产品的评价存在两条路径——目标启发效应和目标稀释效应：当混合产品的基础产品是典型产品时,添加目标一致附加功能评价最好;当基础产品是非典型产品时,添加目标不一致附加功能的评价最好;当同样是添加目标一致功能,消费者对以典型产品为基础的混合产品评价,要高于以非典型产品为基础的混合产品的评价;而当同样是添加目标不一致功能,消费者对以非典型产品为基础的混合产品的评价,要高于以典型产品为基础的混合产品的评价。     

国际金融危机下的政策调整：宏观波动与微观行为如何联动

全球不平衡导致的金融危机在造成宏观经济大幅波动的同时,也对微观层次的企业和家庭带来了巨大冲击。因此,政策调整应致力于协调宏观波动与微观行为之间的关系,避免出现宏观与微观的不一致性。为此,量化宽松的货币政策应把握经济增长与通货膨胀之间的关系,财政政策应克服“二次探底”的潜在挑战,而人民币国际化则将增强中国在国际货币体系中的话语权,并从根本上克服被迫的外汇储备累积和“货币错配”。     

城市化健康发展的十个问题

在我国 ,搞好城市的建设和发展不仅是提高城市居民物质文化生活水平的需要 ,而且是顺利推动经济发展和城市化进程的引擎和有力保障。城市的建设与发展是一顶庞大的系统工程 ,我们必须统筹规划 ,通盘考虑系统各部分的相互联系 ,保证城市经济、社会、文化的协调发展     

访问控制策略一致性和完备性检测方法研究

为实现对复杂访问控制策略的统一管理,检测并排除冲突和不完备的访问控制策略,提出了利用访问控制策略集合中的偏序信息构造融合主体、客体层级结构的有向无环图模型。首先从理论上证明了构建有向无环图模型的可行性,并提出利用偏序关系构建有向无环图模型的实施算法,然后利用有向无环图模型的节点集合设计了访问控制策略一致性和完备性检测算法,最后对模型构建算法及访问控制策略一致性和完备性检测算法进行实验验证。实验结果表明,融合主体、客体层级结构的有向无环图模型可以有效管理复杂系统中访问控制策略中出现的冲突与策略不完备情况。相关算法可以有效地实现对复杂访问控制策略的统一管理。     

A new axiomatization of rank-dependent expected utility with tradeoff consistency for equally likely outcomes

This paper provides a new axiomatization of rank-dependent expected utility by relaxing tradeoff consistency to hold only when the involved outcomes are equally likely. The resulting weakened variant of tradeoff consistency is considerably simpler and intuitively more appealing than the original condition. Consequently, an improved tool for empirical studies and the elicitation of utilities is provided. It turns out that in the presence of weak ordering, simple-continuity, and stochastic dominance, the new tradeoff consistency for equally likely outcomes is sufficient to derive rank-dependent expected utility for general lotteries.     

A note on a specification test of independence

In a recent paper Zheng (1997a) proposed a new specification test of independence between two random vectors by the kernel method. He showed asymptotic normality under the hypothesis and local alternatives. The present work investigates the asymptotic distribution of the corresponding test statistic under fixed alternatives. In this case asymptotic normality of a standardized statistic is still valid but with a different rate of convergence. Received: January 1999     

Expectations,Behavior, and Stock Market Volatility

Stock market volatility is caused by investors’ expectations and behavior. To study the implication relationship, on the one hand, we present an investor’s expectation-forming and decision-making model to summarize the key features of individual behavior. We think the individual expectation is determined mainly by the number of differences between positive signals and negative signals in the information flow. The behavior is determined by both the expectations of investors around him (her) and the expected returns from a potential action. On the other hand, we simulate an investor community to verify if the model is able to replicate the related stylized facts. Mainly, three conclusions are drawn from the simulation: (1) A relationship of asymmetrical conditional dependence exists between expectation consistency and behavior consistency. (2) Market volatility is caused mainly by the difference between expectation consistency and behavior consistency. As the density of connections in the investor community network increases, the difference between them grows. (3) Influential investors have profound impacts on the formation of normal investors’ expectations and behavior. Thus influential investors play an important role in determining the degree of market volatility.     

Comment on Johnson’s creating dimensional stock-flow inconsistency in Binswanger’s model

Binswanger (2009 Binswanger, M. 2009. “Is There a Growth Imperative in Capitalist Economies? A Circular Flow Perspective.” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 31:707–727. doi:10.2753/pke0160-3477310410.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) constructed a model of a pure credit money economy with production to demonstrate the existence of growth imperative in such economies. This model entails a misspecification because money may disappear from the economy at the alleged minimal steady state growth rate (Gilányi 2015 Gilányi, Z. 2015. “A Brief Note on Mathias Binswanger’s Model.” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 37:590–596. doi:10.1080/01603477.2015.1049927.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Johnson (2015 Johnson, R. 2015. “Capitalism’s Growth Imperative: An Examination of Binswanger and Gilányi.” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 37:597–622. doi:10.1080/01603477.2015.1049928.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) attributes this inconsistency to the confusion between the stock of outstanding loans at the end of period and the flow of loans taken during the period; that he calls dimensional stock-flow inconsistency. On the grounds of this criticism he modifies some flows to eliminate the problem raised by Gilányi. Binswanger (2015 Binswanger, M. 2015. “The Growth Imperative Revisited, a Rejoinder to Gilányi and Johnson.” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 37:648–660. doi:10.1080/01603477.2015.1050333.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) omits this criticism because it is a simple misinterpretation of his model; rather he explains the inadequacy of Johnson’s specification of flows. Doing so, he makes believe that there is still an unsettled debate on whether to treat loans as stocks or as flows in his model. This note demonstrates that both model specifications are dimensionally stock-flow consistent. Hence, Johnson’s criticism is just a narrative behind the rationale of altering flows in the model; the controversy is not on dimensional stock-flow inconsistency but on the logically coherent specification of the magnitude of flows in the model.     

A Note on α‐Gini Measures

This note provides a characterization of α‐Gini inequality measures. These measures generalize the standard Gini index by including one sensitivity parameter α, which captures different value judgments. The α‐Gini measures are shown to be weakly decomposable and unit consistent. Weak decomposition provides within‐group and between‐group inequalities. Unit consistency keeps unchanged the ranking of two income distributions when the income units vary. It is shown that the α‐Gini measures are relevant with either “leftist” or“rightist” views.