股权结构、代理问题与公司多元化折价

本文利用我国最新的上市公司资料,在得出我国上市多元化公司存在折价的基础上,从股权结构的角度来验证了代理问题和公司多元化折价的关系.我们发现,国有股权与公司多元化程度呈现负相关关系,法人股与多元化程度呈倒U形曲线关系,流通股与多元化程度呈正比例关系;股权集中度、机构持股比例和管理层持股与多元化程度呈负相关关系.结果表明,代理问题在有效解释公司多元化程度的同时,也有效地解释了公司多元化折价的产生.     

Transmission of CSR requirements in supply chains: investigating the multiple mediating effects of CSR activities in SMEs

In recent years, scholars have increasingly turned their attention to the separate areas of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and supply chain management (SCM). However, little scholarly attention has been paid to the transmission of CSR requirements from a small to medium-sized enterprises (SME) perspective. Drawing on institutional and innovation diffusion theories, this paper investigates to what extent the CSR requirements of customers influence the CSR activities of SMEs and their CSR requirements toward their own suppliers. Multiple mediation analysis was performed on data from a sample of 146,060 French SMEs. The findings indicate that the CSR requirements of customers have a direct negative effect on SMEs’ CSR requirements toward suppliers. However, the relationship becomes positive when we take into account the mediating role of the SMEs’ own CSR activities (i.e. economic, social and environmental activities). Furthermore, the study reveals that the indirect effect through economic CSR activities is the greatest, followed by social and then environmental CSR activities. Our main contribution is that implementing CSR activities within SMEs is a necessary step so that SMEs can be brokers in the transmission of CSR requirements in the supply chain.     

利益相关者关系影响公司财务绩效持续性的实证研究

基于123家沪深 A 股上市公司的样本数据,运用时间序列自回归模型;考量卓越与不良绩效企业股东、管理人员、员工、消费者、债权人和政府与财务绩效持续性的关系。结果表明,良好的利益相关者关系与卓越财务绩效的持续性正相关,与不良财务绩效的持续性负相关。不同的利益相关者对财务绩效持续性的影响存在差异,消费者和员工是保证卓越财务绩效持续性的最重要因素,也是陷入财务困境的企业实现业绩转向的关键推动力量。当企业经历财务困境时,股东的积极作用表现突出。     

公司治理结构·会计信息系统·独立审计:结构与效率分析

公司治理结构、会计信息系统和独立审计是微观经济运行系统的三个基本组成单元。三者以委托代理关系为中心形成了功能互补、共生互动的经济运行系统 ,共同维持着受托责任机制运行中的公平与效率。通过对三者的经济关系结构进行理论描述 ,分析其内在关系结构的缺陷以及与虚假会计信息之间的关联性 ,并在此基础上提出共同预防虚假会计信息的治理措施     

知识活动视角下企业大学类型及其支撑能力体系

基于知识视角,任何组织开展的活动均可视为知识活动。企业大学所从事的知识活动不仅包括知识转移活动,还包括知识创造活动和应用孵化活动,不同企业大学开展的知识活动不同,对以上3类知识活动的主导程度也不同。借鉴扎根分析流程,通过多案例研究梳理企业大学的里程碑事件,对企业大学的知识活动类型进行理论提炼并总结相应能力支撑体系。结果发现：①企业大学模式类型并不绝对而是多元的,随着企业大学知识活动的不断丰富和延伸,逐渐演化为不同模式类型;②知识转移活动并非是企业大学唯一的知识活动路径,不宜忽视企业大学知识活动的全息性特征;③企业大学为了更好地履行职能,还应树立支撑能力组合观念,尤其应该按照企业大学知识活动特性和规律构建相应关键能力支撑体系。     

Can corporate social responsibility resolve the sanitation question in developing Asian countries?

The existing state of sanitation in developing Asian countries fails to deliver a level of service that is adequate for meeting the human right to a standard of living consistent with dignity and health, or for sustaining the capacity for future generations to have access to clean water resources and healthy ecosystems. We argue that translating the current neo-centralised technologies and institutional arrangements mainstreamed by industrialised countries would not resolve the problem in the context of developing countries. Instead it is necessary to ‘leap frog’ to the emerging technological and institutional arrangements that are responsive to current needs and contexts and to potential risks. The sustainability focus and often decentralised technologies of this emergent stage in sanitation present many opportunities for new actors to enter the urban sanitation industry. At the same time, there are many barriers to entry, particularly from the perspective of conventional business management focused on increasing shareholder value.We propose that perspectives from the corporate social responsibility discourse have the potential to provide both the ‘pull’ for seizing the business opportunity for profit while serving social needs, and the ‘push’ to overcome the barriers in order to serve a wider social purpose for corporations. The wealth of nations, at least as reported in ubiquitous GDP terms, has greatly increased through the activities of corporations driven by a profit motive; but the increased poverty, injustice and ecosystem degradation that have resulted from economic activity suggest that corporations perhaps ought to have regard for broader concerns beyond shareholder value. We explore how the alternative relational view of a corporation, as a metaphorical person within society who adopts a moral code consistent with both Buddhist economics and Adam Smith's philosophy, may facilitate profitable corporations that provide better economic, ecological and social outcomes in serving the need for sustainable sanitation services in developing Asian countries.     

独立董事发言形式化问题研究

依据《2007年沪市上市公司独立董事履职情况分析》及《沪市上市公司2011年度董事、监事和高级管理人员履职情况分析》,考量独立董事发言形式化成因主要有：缺乏独立的选人制度,经济不独立,责权利不对等等。为此,应设置更科学的选人机制,建立独立董事专家库;完善薪酬发放制度,从经济上解决独立性;完善责权利对等机制,督促其履行任职责任。     

Attitude toward business environment of auditing,corporate governance and balance between auditing and marketing

The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitude of Iranian auditors toward balance between auditing and marketing with respect to two important components of audit process such as business environment of auditing and corporate governance. The analysis is based on survey data from 257 respondents. To achieve the research aims, we specified four hypotheses based on social theories. The results of this study show that the auditors having positive attitude toward marketing and those who consider it as significant are able, to a large extent, balance spent time for inherent auditing tasks and marketing activities. In addition, the results show that an increase by a unit for the attitude toward business environment results in 0.489 unit increase in attitude toward balance of time spent on marketing and auditing activities, of which 0.396 is direct impact and 0.093 is indirect impact.     

"名人"独立董事履行职责状况分析——来自中国上市公司的证据

本文以2006～2007年我国A股上市公司为样本,实证检验了我国上市公司聘请的独立董事的知名度是否会影响其履职效力.结果发现,上市公司聘请的"名人"独立董事确实存在"知名度效应":学界"名人"独立董事对提高财务报告质量和抑制公司高管违规有显著影响,但同时发现学界"名人"独立董事和企业界"名人"独立董事在发表意见时没有履行好勤勉的职责,发表独立意见的可能性较小.此外,本文还发现具有财会背景和法律背景的独立董事有助于减少公司和高管个人违规事件的发生.这一结果表明上市公司聘请"名人"独立董事具有信息后果,支持独立董事能够降低代理成本的逻辑.     

外部压力、公司治理与环境信息披露质量——基于煤炭行业上市公司的实证检验

将煤炭行业上市公司作为研究对象,在运用内容分析法对其2008—2012年环境信息披露质量进行评价的基础上,实证检验外部压力、公司治理对环境信息披露质量的影响。研究发现,样本期间我国煤炭行业上市公司环境信息披露质量整体呈上升趋势,但各公司间差异较大;外部压力对环境信息披露质量起到了积极的提升作用,环境信息披露制度的颁布和执行成为公司绿色行为的重要驱动力;有效的公司治理能明显改善环境信息披露质量,尤其是股权制衡机制、董事会和独立董事作用显著,但控股股东并未发挥出应有的作用。