科研组织应该控制其衍生企业吗——基于中国上市科研组织衍生企业的研究

创办衍生企业是科研组织实现科技成果转化的重要途径之一。在衍生企业创办之初，科研组织作为“家长”，在衍生企业成长过程中扮演着不可或缺的角色，但随着衍生企业逐渐发展壮大，科研组织作为学术机构参与企业经营管理的弊端也逐步显现。同时，伴随着衍生企业不断成长，对外来资本的需求增加，母体科研组织面临股权被稀释，甚至失去控制权的问题。那么，当衍生企业发展到一定规模，母体科研组织作为衍生企业实际控制人是利大于弊还是弊大于利？以中国境内上市科研组织衍生企业为样本，分析科研组织衍生企业母体控制权对企业绩效的影响，结果发现，科研组织作为衍生企业实际控制人时，企业绩效更优。     

"名人"独立董事履行职责状况分析——来自中国上市公司的证据

本文以2006～2007年我国A股上市公司为样本,实证检验了我国上市公司聘请的独立董事的知名度是否会影响其履职效力.结果发现,上市公司聘请的"名人"独立董事确实存在"知名度效应":学界"名人"独立董事对提高财务报告质量和抑制公司高管违规有显著影响,但同时发现学界"名人"独立董事和企业界"名人"独立董事在发表意见时没有履行好勤勉的职责,发表独立意见的可能性较小.此外,本文还发现具有财会背景和法律背景的独立董事有助于减少公司和高管个人违规事件的发生.这一结果表明上市公司聘请"名人"独立董事具有信息后果,支持独立董事能够降低代理成本的逻辑.     

Corporate foresight: Its three roles in enhancing the innovation capacity of a firm

In the last three decades much knowledge has been produced on how best to conduct foresight exercises, but little is known on how foresight should be integrated with the innovation effort of a company. Drawing on empirical evidence from 19 case studies and 107 interviews, we identify three roles that corporate foresight should play to maximize the innovation capacity of a firm: (1) the strategist role, which explores new business fields; (2) the initiator role, which increases the number of innovation concepts and ideas; and (3) the opponent role, which challenges innovation projects to increase the quality of their output.     

Can corporate social responsibility resolve the sanitation question in developing Asian countries?

The existing state of sanitation in developing Asian countries fails to deliver a level of service that is adequate for meeting the human right to a standard of living consistent with dignity and health, or for sustaining the capacity for future generations to have access to clean water resources and healthy ecosystems. We argue that translating the current neo-centralised technologies and institutional arrangements mainstreamed by industrialised countries would not resolve the problem in the context of developing countries. Instead it is necessary to ‘leap frog’ to the emerging technological and institutional arrangements that are responsive to current needs and contexts and to potential risks. The sustainability focus and often decentralised technologies of this emergent stage in sanitation present many opportunities for new actors to enter the urban sanitation industry. At the same time, there are many barriers to entry, particularly from the perspective of conventional business management focused on increasing shareholder value.We propose that perspectives from the corporate social responsibility discourse have the potential to provide both the ‘pull’ for seizing the business opportunity for profit while serving social needs, and the ‘push’ to overcome the barriers in order to serve a wider social purpose for corporations. The wealth of nations, at least as reported in ubiquitous GDP terms, has greatly increased through the activities of corporations driven by a profit motive; but the increased poverty, injustice and ecosystem degradation that have resulted from economic activity suggest that corporations perhaps ought to have regard for broader concerns beyond shareholder value. We explore how the alternative relational view of a corporation, as a metaphorical person within society who adopts a moral code consistent with both Buddhist economics and Adam Smith's philosophy, may facilitate profitable corporations that provide better economic, ecological and social outcomes in serving the need for sustainable sanitation services in developing Asian countries.     

社会和谐发展环境下的企业社会责任

企业社会责任是企业、社会、政府三方相互制衡机制下,各相关利益主体间关系的重构.它的演进层次与实现过程依赖于社会经济的发展水平,是新的经济发展形态下"理性经济人"在面临"社会公众"的约束之下所做出的最优选择行动,它既是企业实现其经营目标的必要条件,也是当前我们构建和谐社会的关键.     

内部资本市场功能异化与公司治理

内部资本市场缓解了企业集团的融资约束,提升了投资效率,但也增加了公司治理的难度。在缺乏有效公司治理机制的情况下,内部资本市场的功能部分地被异化为经理人寻租或控股股东进行“利益输送”的渠道。本文讨论了内部资本市场功能异化与公司治理的关系,分析了内部资本市场的部分功能异化的原因,提出了治理的建议。     

外部压力、公司治理与环境信息披露质量——基于煤炭行业上市公司的实证检验

将煤炭行业上市公司作为研究对象,在运用内容分析法对其2008—2012年环境信息披露质量进行评价的基础上,实证检验外部压力、公司治理对环境信息披露质量的影响。研究发现,样本期间我国煤炭行业上市公司环境信息披露质量整体呈上升趋势,但各公司间差异较大;外部压力对环境信息披露质量起到了积极的提升作用,环境信息披露制度的颁布和执行成为公司绿色行为的重要驱动力;有效的公司治理能明显改善环境信息披露质量,尤其是股权制衡机制、董事会和独立董事作用显著,但控股股东并未发挥出应有的作用。     

基于声誉视角的企业社会责任实施策略研究

企业应当如何寻求社会责任与社交媒体交融背景下的企业社会责任(CSR)实施策略?这已成为全球经济面临的现实难题,对于处在声誉压力下的中国企业更是如此。文章通过全面回顾"声誉机制与CSR之间存在关联"的相关研究成果,以来自中国的两家企业(联想与宏碁)为商业案例,从公司治理、工作环境以及企业公民实践三个维度对其CSR实践进行了详细比较与系统分析,以期验证西方学者提出的"声誉机制对CSR实施策略具有正面影响效应"观点。结果表明:声誉机制确实可以促进企业加强自我约束,选择负责任的商业实践,成为法律规制、政府监管等正式制度的有益补充和替代,对中国企业来说也不例外。最后,结合中国企业现实处境,文章提出从回报角度认知CSR、取得行业标准认证、从局部小处起步等将CSR策略性融入到企业日常运营中的几点启示。     

刍议企业行为文化建设

企业行为文化是通过企业人的行为表现出来的企业文化。一个企业如果有好的文化观念和文化习俗就决定了该企业具有正确的行为文化。它是引导企业与职工之间形成统一价值观,构建企业与职工的命运共同体和利益共同体的关键,这就要求企业应采取有效措施加强企业行为文化建设。     

Does it really pay to do better? Exploring the financial effects of changes in CSR ratings

Previous literature on the link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance has focused mainly on the financial implications of a firm’s level of CSR without considering the potential effects on financial performance of variations in CSR rating. We try to fill this gap by studying whether variations in a firm’s CSR rating affect systematic risk, firm value, and portfolio performance. First, our results show that an increase in firms’ CSR efforts, as reflected by an increase in their CSR ratings, significantly reduces systematic risk. Second, a positive variation in CSR ratings significantly improves firm value. Finally, from a portfolio perspective, a strategy that consists of buying stocks that have experienced a CSR ratings increase and selling stocks that have experienced a CSR ratings decrease (or remain stable) leads to lower financial performance. Taken together, our findings provide new evidence and financial implications for firms and portfolio managers.