城市环境治理投入中地方政府与中央政府的博弈分析

文章从中央政府与地方政府总收益函数分析出发,指出中央政府与地方政府在地方政府环境治理、财政支出比例选择上存在的差异;运用混合战略博弈模型对中央政府与地方政府博弈行为进行分析,得出地方政府执行环境政策的最优概率及中央政府对地方政府环境政策执行情况进行监督的最优概率;提出循环经济的推广使用及环境治理问责制的实施有利于提高城市环境治理投入,改善城市环境质量,实现社会经济的可持续发展.     

科学发展观背景下城市公共治理的挑战与对策

在科学发展观背景下我国城市发展面临新要求、新导向和新约束,目前大规模、高速度的城市化已不能适应新形势的需要.如何因地制宜,探索可持续城市化的道路是每个城市政府必须面对的机遇和挑战.本文着重探讨目前我国城市发展公共治理体制方面的问题,认为影响可持续城市发展的体制因素包括国家目标和政绩考核对发展的要求、城市政府的财政压力、以及对城市政府资源配置权缺乏有效制约.针对以上问题,论文以公共治理创新的角度,从国家制度建设和地方实践两个方面提出实现新型、可持续城市化模式政策建议.     

中小投资者法律保护与公司权益资本成本

本文以1993年至2001年之间我国证券市场进行股权再融资的上市公司为样本,采用时间序列分析方法深入考察我国证券市场不同历史阶段里中小投资者法律保护与公司权益资本成本关系的变化。研究结果表明,在我国证券市场发展的历史实践中,随着中小投资者法律保护措施的加强,上市公司的权益资本成本出现一个逐步递减的过程现象;在控制公司特征和宏观经济变量的情况下,中小投资者法律保护程度与上市公司的权益资本成本呈显著的负相关关系。     

厂商的密集性进入与产业链纵向关系治理——基于中国汽车产业的分析

随着产业进入管制的逐步放松,厂商的密集性进入不仅改变了产业链的横向市场结构,也为产业链纵向关系治理模式的重新选择创造条件.面对中国汽车产业发展的这一现状,本文在文献回顾的基础上,通过对一个连续古诺模型的分析,认为下游整车厂商的密集性进入将导致产业链的部分或完全分拆,其具体形式取决于初始状态和上游厂商的数量.最后,结合国际经验以及国内新近产业政策设计和汽车企业的策略实践辅以论证说明.     

我国乡镇治理模式的演变及启示

乡镇治理模式创新对解决"三农问题"具有重要意义,对实现国民经济协调可持续发展具有重要的作用.建国以来我国乡镇治理模式经历了三个阶段:"议政合一制"时期,人民公社的"政社合一制"时期,"乡政村治"时期.对乡镇治理模式沿革的回顾,可以发现一些有益性启示.     

试论后危机时代保险公司治理的政府监管

2008年全球金融危机凸现出的金融保险机构治理失效问题,对重新审视和优化金融保险公司治理的政府监管提出了迫切要求。在后危机时代,只有基于保险公司治理的特征,在更加严格、高效的政府监管的指导下不断优化保险治理结构,增强其治理机制的有效性,才能从源头上防范其治理失效的风险,避免重蹈本次金融危机中大量金融保险机构破产倒闭的覆辙。本文基于利益相关者理论和委托代理理论,通过深入探讨后危机时代政府监管在引导保险公司治理取向、完善信息披露机制、优化治理各方的博弈,以及均衡内、外部治理等方面的职能作用,旨在为构建和优化我国保险公司治理的监管制度提供一定的理论依据。     

Will future land based food and fibre production be in family or corporate hands? An analysis of farm land ownership and governance considering farmer characteristics as choice drivers. The New Zealand case

Family farming in various guises has been the dominant ownership and governance system in primary production over recorded history. This outcome has been controlled by farmers and their families, possibly due to tradition, opportunities, personal characteristics, skill sets and the nature of primary production. Of these, it is hypothesised that the farmers’ personal characteristics play a major part in the choice, and continuance, of current ownership and governance systems. Equally as important, they, and therefore the land ownership system, play a part in the efficiency of production systems and improvement of the biological and production environment.The benefits and difficulties of commonly used ownership systems in Western society are reviewed. Using a sample of New Zealand (NZ) farms, a comparison of the managers’ features for owner/operator, partnership and corporate based systems is presented. There were significant differences in many variables including the farmers’ age, education, number of children, asset levels, years on the current farm, and similar, but more importantly, the farmers in the ownership system groups had differing personal characteristics. Significantly, despite the corporate based farms employing more professional assistance, the profit levels were similar across ownership systems leaving the farmers’ characteristics the main factors correlating with system choice. However, governance systems per se are only marginally correlated with production systems and efficiency.As successive generations of farmers are unlikely to have different characteristics, and corporate based systems continue to exhibit similar profit levels, relatively simple family based systems will continue to dominate farm land ownership and control. The trends suggest family farms will increase in size and involve family conglomerates facilitating the management of larger, and in many cases multiple, farms. While currently there are few differences in biological efficiency between ownership systems, given the efficiency benefits of size and scale, this could well change with the increase of family conglomerates. Relative to increasing corporatisation, the continuance of family based ownership and governance will also be of benefit to the environment. When developing land policies, these highlighted relationships should be taken into account. This study is a first to consider personal characteristics relative to ownership.     

Corporate social responsibility: The disclosure–performance gap

As increased stakeholder pressure requires companies to be transparent about their CSR practices, it is essential to know how reliable corporate disclosure mechanisms are, testing the gap between corporate social responsibility claims and actual practice. This study benchmarks corporate social responsibility policies and practices of ten international hotel groups of particular importance to the European leisure market. We found that corporate systems are not necessarily reflective of actual operations, environmental performance is eco-savings driven, labour policies aim to comply with local legislation, socio-economic policies are inward looking with little acceptance of impacts on the destination, and customer engagement is limited. Generally larger hotel groups have more comprehensive policies but also greater gaps in implementation, while the smaller hotel groups focus only on environmental management and deliver what they promised. As the first survey of its kind in tourism, both the methodology and the findings have implications for further research.     

跨国公司子公司信息化战略选择研究——以上海贝尔阿尔卡特公司为例

本文首先研究了跨国公司子公司信息化战略的理论,接着分析了影响跨国公司子公司信息化战略选择的主要因素,包括跨国公司子公司所在的东道国环境和跨国公司及其子公司组织内部特征,最后详细探讨了阿尔卡特在华子公司上海贝尔阿尔卡特公司如何根据内外部环境选择信息化战略的案例。     

The political economy of wine: How terroir and intra-sector dynamics affect land use in Spain

This paper provides a constructive critique of Corrine Cash's paper “Good governance and strong political will: Are they enough for transformation?”, published in volume 58 of Land Use Policy in 2016. By focusing on how intra-sector dynamics influence land use policies in conflicts revolving around urban sprawl, this paper aims to complement and, to some extent, widen the analytic lens deployed by Cash. The examination of the Spanish wine sector and its lack of zoning policies confirms Cash's argument about the need to go beyond discourses of ‘good governance’ and ‘strong political will’ to understand the dynamics underpinning real spatial processes. However, this exploration underscores the need to add layers of complexity to land use analyses, showing the relevance of intra-sector conflict and logics. In complicating any simplistic reduction of urban sprawl conflicts to rural–urban oppositions, the paper ultimately calls for a more dynamic and multiscalar planning theory to address complex governance issues.