浅谈政府职能转变与社会主义新农村建设

党的十六届五中全会做出的建设社会主义新农村的伟大战略决策，为解决“三农”问题指明了道路，为全面建设小康社会提出了具体任务。社会主义新农村建设主导在政府。只有进一步转变政府管理理念，完善政府行为方式，提高政府行政能力，才能为社会主义新农村建设提供有力的政治保障和动力支持。     

对国有企业管理问题的深层思考

国有企业一直存在着对管理既重视又落后的矛盾现象。其主要原因就在于国有企业在管理思想、管理体制和管理模式等方面还存在着一系列问题。主要表现在思想上存在着将管理务虚化、庸俗化、条件化和理想化的误区；在管理体制上存在着经济组织行政化、管理制度不规范的现象；在管理模式上存在着靠感觉行事、靠经验管理的粗放型色彩。这些深层次的矛盾和问题，直接影响着国有企业的经济效益和市场竞争能力。     

基于Miller-Orr模型的省级政府现金管理实证研究

现代国库制度的两项重要功能是,确保对预算执行过程的有效监控和对政府现金资源的妥善管理,而高效的现金管理系统对监控预算执行起着重要的支持性作用.在政府现金管理已逐渐为政府和理论界所关注的背景下,本文从政府现金管理的基本理论、本质及意义入手,以实际调研数据为基础,通过将西部某省2003-2005年的实际数据运用到修正的Miller-Orr模型中,较准确的测算出了2006年该省国库现金月余额的控制范围,为建立省级政府现金管理模式提供了有益的参考.     

The effectiveness of government spending on education and health care in developing and transition economies

Recent studies show that corruption is associated with higher military spending [Eur. J. Polit. Econ. 17 (2001) 794] and lower government spending on education and health care [J. Publ. Econ. 69 (1998) 263]. This suggests that policies aimed at reducing corruption may lead to changes in the composition of government outlays toward more productive spending. However, little empirical evidence has been presented to support the claim that public spending improves education and health indicators in developing and transition countries. This paper uses cross-sectional data for 50 such countries to show that increased public expenditure on education and health care is associated with improvements in both access to and attainment in schools, and reduces mortality rates for infants and children. The education regressions are robust to different specifications, but the relationship between health care spending and mortality rates is weaker.     

Delaying integration of immigrant labor for the purpose of taxation

Delayed integration (DI) is a rule for taxing migrants. It requires that immigrants be taxed in the host country only after some period of transition. Conversely, emigrants are released from the obligation to pay taxes only after a certain period. DI is an alternative to the Employment Principle and the Home-Country Principle. The former governs the international taxation of labor. The latter is a close substitute for the Nationality Principle, on which US tax law is based. The paper studies DI in a setting which allows one to trade off the efficiency costs of distortionary taxation and of wasteful government.     

制造业存货管理研究

在市场竞争越来越激烈的情况下,企业靠提高产品售价获取润已不现实,在产品售价不变甚至降低的情况下,降低成本就显得尤为重要。存货在降低成本中占了举足轻重的位置。本文阐述了存货管理的内涵和一般方法,并针对目前制造业存货管理中存在的问题提出了对策与建议。     

随机型连续盘点订货模型中供应链周期服务水平的波动和优化

对存在数量折扣和运费折扣的随机型连续盘点库存策略,进行了建模和分析,设计了供需双方合作的库存策略和订货策略,给出了理想的经济订货量和订货价格的甄选方法流程,模型确定了供应链理想的周期服务水平,证明了在该策略下,理想周期服务水平对于订货批量具有相对稳定性,并分析了此稳定性对供应链整体的重要意义,以及模型近似的合理性。在这个服务水平上,确定了再订货点和安全库存,并分析了该策略对供应链各方在管理措施方面的启示。利用该模型进行库存和订货决策,设计供应链合同,可以在不伤害服务水平的基础上,降低供应链总成本。     

竞争性行业管理体制改革的方向和重点

竞争性行业是指所有不具有自然垄断性质的行业.虽然我国竞争性行业管理体制改革已取得了重大进展,但还存在政企不分、职能转变不到位、部门垄断、行业进出通道不畅、行业管理法规不健全等问题.改革的方向和重点是:推进政企分开、政资分开、政监分开和政社分开,理顺行业管理体系,打破部门垄断和地方保护,疏通行业进入和退出通道,完善行业管理法规等.     

Wealth inequality and collective action

We study the effect of inequality in the distribution of endowments of private inputs (e.g., land, wealth) that are complementary in production with collective inputs (e.g., contribution to public goods such as irrigation and extraction from common-property resources) on efficiency in a class of collective action problems. We focus on characterizing the joint surplus maximizing level of inequality, making due distinction between contributors and non-contributors, in a framework that allows us to consider a wide variety of collective action problems ranging from pure public goods to impure public goods to commons. We show that while efficiency increases with greater equality within the groups of contributors and non-contributors, so long the externalities (positive or negative) are significant, there is an optimal degree of inequality between these groups.     

Robust political economy

This paper introduces the idea of “robust political economy.” In the context of political economic systems, “robustness” refers to a political economic arrangement's ability to produce social welfare-enhancing outcomes in the face of deviations from ideal assumptions about individuals' motivations and information. Since standard assumptions about complete and perfect information, instantaneous market adjustment, perfect agent rationality, political actor benevolence, etc., rarely, if ever actually hold, a realistic picture and accurate assessment of the desirability of alternative political economic systems requires an analysis of alternative systems' robustness. The Mises-Hayek critique of socialism forms the foundation for investigations of robustness that relax ideal informational assumptions. The Buchanan-Tullock public choice approach complements this foundation in forming the basis for investigations of robustness that relax ideal motivational assumptions. JEL Code B53, P16, P26