Advancing the evidence base for public policies impacting on dietary behaviour,physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Europe: The Policy Evaluation Network promoting a multidisciplinary approach

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of global mortality. As the social and economic costs of NCDs have escalated, action is needed to tackle important causes of many NCD’s: low physical activity levels and unhealthy dietary behaviours. As these behaviours are driven by upstream factors, successful policy interventions are required that encourage healthy dietary behaviours, improve physical activity levels and reduce sedentary behaviours of entire populations. However, to date, no systematic research on the implementation and evaluation of policy interventions related to these health behaviours has been conducted across Europe. Consequently, no information on the merit, gaps, worth or utility of cross-European policy interventions is available, and no guidance or recommendations on how to enhance this knowledge across European countries exists. As part of the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL), 28 research institutes from seven European countries and New Zealand have combined their expertise to form the Policy Evaluation Network (PEN). PEN’s aim is to advance tools to identify, evaluate, implement and benchmark policies designed to directly or indirectly target dietary behaviours, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour in Europe, as well as to understand how these policies increase or decrease health inequalities. Using well-defined evaluation principles and methods, PEN will examine the content, implementation and impact of policies addressing dietary behaviour, physical activity levels and sedentary behaviour across Europe. It will realise the first steps in a bespoke health policy monitoring and surveillance system for Europe, and refine our knowledge of appropriate research designs and methods for the quantification of policy impact. It will contribute to our understanding of how to achieve successful transnational policy implementation and monitoring of these policies in different cultural, demographic or socioeconomic settings. PEN will consider equity and diversity aspects to ensure that policy actions are inclusive and culturally sensitive. Finally, based on three policy cases, PEN will illustrate how best to evaluate the implementation and impact of such policies in order to yield healthy diets and activity patterns that result in healthier lives for all European citizens.     

A causal factors analysis of aircraft incidents due to radar limitations: The Norway case study

Provision of seamless, safe and effective surveillance services to airspace users requires high performance surveillance sensor coverage in the whole airspace. Limitations in the surveillance system will lead to an inability to provide the required surveillance services to the users. This may result in aircraft incident and accident occurrences. In this paper a case study is developed for the Norwegian airspace, based on five years of safety reports, to identify causal factors of incidents/accidents due to radar system limitations. This is conducted with a safety data analysis from Avinor – Norway's Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP) and structured communication with Surveillance/ATM safety experts from Avinor. The case study shows that, 76 out of 124 occurrences within the five years in the Norwegian airspace/airport were related to the surveillance function, and 34 out of the 76 occurrences were due to limitations in the radar systems. The analysis identified that the highest contributing causal factors of the occurrences due to radar system limitations were limited surveillance coverage, followed by the lack of situational awareness for flight crew/controllers and unsynchronised surveillance information between flight crew and controllers.     

Glamour,value and anchoring on the changing P/E

The fact that value shares outperform glamour shares in the long term has been known for over 50 years. Why then do glamour shares remain popular? The price-earnings (P/E) ratio was the first statistic documented to discriminate between the two. Using data for all US stocks since 1983, we find that glamour shares have a much greater tendency to change P/E decile than value shares. We use TreeAge decision tree software, which has not been applied to problems in finance before, to show that glamour investors cannot rationally expect any windfall as their company's P/E decile changes, whatever their horizon. We infer that glamour investors anchor on the initially high P/E value, underestimate the likelihood of change and are continually surprised. We also seek theoretical justification for why value shares tend to outperform glamour shares. No convincing arguments based on the efficient market hypothesis have been put forward to show that the outperformance of value shares might be due to their being fundamentally riskier. Here, we apply equations from option theory to show that value shares can indeed be expected to outperform glamour shares.     

基于DICOM标准的医疗影像管理系统的设计与实现

医学影像存档与通讯系统(PACS)是医疗工作数字化的支撑,此系统遵循DICOM3.0标准,本文研究的PACS系统是在综合调研了医院相关科室的工作流程后,结合国内小型医院的实际需求,采用C/S模式进行开发的一个数字化医院的适用的软件,完成了医院中影像数据的存储、传递和显示。本软件使用Visualstudio2008作为本系统的开发工具,采用SQL Sever 2005作为后台数据库环境。     

Tipping the (Im)balance: Capital inflows,financial market structure,and banking crises

An emerging consensus among scholars and policy‐makers identifies foreign capital inflows as one of the primary determinants of banking crises in developed countries. We challenge this view by arguing that external imbalances are destabilizing only when banks face substantial competition from securities markets in the process of financial intermediation. We assemble a dataset of banking crises covering the advanced industrialized countries from 1976 to 2011 and find evidence of a conditional relationship between capital inflows, a well‐developed securities market, and the incidence of banking crises. We further explore the impact of capital inflows on banks’ actual risk taking as indicated by their capital adequacy levels and measures of insolvency risk. Our results demonstrate that prudential capital cushions tend to decline with the combination of capital inflows and prominent securities markets. We highlight the political decisions—often made during the early days of a country's financial development—that determine the relative prominence of banks vs. non‐bank financial institutions and conclude with policy recommendations.     

A NOTE ON THE QUANTILE FORMULATION

Many investment models in discrete or continuous‐time settings boil down to maximizing an objective of the quantile function of the decision variable. This quantile optimization problem is known as the quantile formulation of the original investment problem. Under certain monotonicity assumptions, several schemes to solve such quantile optimization problems have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, we propose a change‐of‐variable and relaxation method to solve the quantile optimization problems without using the calculus of variations or making any monotonicity assumptions. The method is demonstrated through a portfolio choice problem under rank‐dependent utility theory (RDUT). We show that this problem is equivalent to a classical Merton's portfolio choice problem under expected utility theory with the same utility function but a different pricing kernel explicitly determined by the given pricing kernel and probability weighting function. With this result, the feasibility, well‐posedness, attainability, and uniqueness issues for the portfolio choice problem under RDUT are solved. It is also shown that solving functional optimization problems may reduce to solving probabilistic optimization problems. The method is applicable to general models with law‐invariant preference measures including portfolio choice models under cumulative prospect theory (CPT) or RDUT, Yaari's dual model, Lopes' SP/A model, and optimal stopping models under CPT or RDUT.     

Public Policy of Urban Mobility: Impact of the History and Practices on Young Drivers’ Social Representation of 30 km/hr

The research is part of the project of generalization of the 30 km/h in Angers (France) that funded the study. It aims at providing material to build awareness campaigns for young drivers. The goal is to understand their representations of the 30 km/h within the structural approach of social representations. We focus on the “calling into question” technique in order to confirm the central core composition. The sample is composed of French students living in Angers. Results reveal the role of both historical aspects and the experience of driving in the structuration of the representation. Drivers and non-drivers do not have the same representation of the 30 km/h. Men and women share the same representation under the definition of the central core theory. But our results highlight peripheral differences related to individuals’ practices. Finally, we discuss the definition of representational elements and we explain the relevance of this study for communication.     

气质联用法检测水产品中己烯雌酚含量并用液相色谱串联质谱验证

改进了水产品中己烯雌酚的检测方法。样品用乙酸乙酯提取,HLB固相萃取柱净化,BSTFA-TMCS吡啶溶液80°C衍生;经过HP-5MS（30m×0.25mm,0.25μm）毛细色谱柱分离,再经过单四级杆质谱仪选择离子扫描（m/z：383、397、412、413）确定两种结构的衍生物,用气质联用仪检测其衍生物从而间接检测己烯雌酚。以反式衍生物做定量物质,在5-180μg/kg浓度范围获得良好线性（R=0.995）;3个添加浓度（1、2、5μg/kg）下的平均回收率为90.15%-92.82%,标准偏差为6.7%-9.3%。阳性样品经过乙酸乙酯提取后吹干,HLB固相萃取柱净化,甲醇定容后,用配备RBAXSB-C18柱（2.1×150mm,3.5μm）的高分辨率液相色谱串联质谱仪进行验证,确保检测的可靠性。     

The heuristic‐systemic model of sustainability stewardship: facilitating sustainability values,beliefs and practices with corporate social responsibility drives and eco‐labels/indices

Using a framework from the heuristic‐systematic model and the value‐belief‐norm (VBN) theory, this study tests consumers’ systematic conjunction of sustainability values, beliefs and practices, and examines the heuristic influence of sustainability stewardship on the consumers’ VBN framework. In this study, sustainability stewardship within the textile and apparel industry refers to approaches that can facilitate the corporate social responsible (CSR) drive and eco‐labels/indices in corporate sustainability practices. Data from 239 US college students were analyzed using a structural equation modeling method. The findings confirmed that only the CSR drive is significant as heuristic sustainability stewardship in facilitating the consumer's systematic process in the VBN framework, while eco‐labels/indices do not moderate consumers’ sustainable practices. In particular, the current CSR drives in the textile and apparel industry strengthen consumers’ values in the altruistic, self‐enhancement and biospheric dimensions, and, further, lead to the sustainability practices of eco‐citizenship, green consumption and green product purchasing, through the mediation of proenvironmental belief. Comprehending these dynamics can empower marketers and researchers to devise pertinent ideas and practical applications of sustainability stewardship to academia and to the textiles and apparel industry.