一种离散型收入分布基尼系数精确计算方法

基尼系数问世八十多年的时间里,在度量经济不平等的基尼系数指标时,最常见的是离散型收入分布,本文设计了一种离散型收入分布基尼系数计算方法,用它可以精确地求解基尼系数。     

基于多标度分形理论的金融资产收益非对称性测度方法研究

基于多标度分形理论,提出了一种新的更适用于实际金融资产收益数据的非对称性测度方法——两阶段非对称性检验法（Two-step asymmetry testing,TAT）,并运用Monte Carlo模拟考察了其与传统的偏度系数检验法的非对称性判定结论差异。实证结果表明：总体来讲,本文提出的两阶段非对称性检验法在常用检验水平下取得了较偏度系数法更为准确的金融资产收益非对称性判定结论,且两阶段非对称性检验法较偏度系数法更适用于具有非独立、非正态特性数据的非对称性检验。     

An alternative functional form for estimating the Lorenz curve

We propose a simple single parameter functional form for the Lorenz curve. The new specification is fitted to existing data sets and is shown to provide a better fit than existing single parameter Lorenz curves for the given data.     

新一轮集体林权改革评价:林地分配平等性视角——基于福建调查的实证研究

总体来看,新一轮集体林权改革使林地分配状况变差,但是对于初始林地面积较低的林户而言,林地的分配状况是改善的。总体状况变差主要是由于初始林地面积较高的林户得到了更多的林地。另外,林地面积的变化与林户改革前所拥有的林地面积之间是"U"型关系。这主要是由改革的自上而下和制度变迁的路径依赖共同造成的。     

中国制造业省区间分布的集中与分散研究

利用1980—2000年中国制造业的工业增加值数据,计算并分析各行业的区位基尼系数及其变动趋势,判断各工业行业在省区之间分布的不平衡性及其变化趋势。分析结果发现:①从1980年代到1990年代,我国26个制造业工业行业总体的空间分布趋于集中。12个分散分布型工业行业中有9个分散的程度有所收敛,9个集中分布型行业中有5个集中的程度得到加强,另有5个行业的省区分布由分散型转为集中型;②自然资源的禀赋条件对行业生产的地域集中有较大的影响;③外商直接投资的区位选择偏好及行业投资重点的差异会导致相应投资行业的生产在地理空间上的集中。     

京津冀地区农产品集聚及时空演变特征

［目的］基于1980—2015分5年1期的京津冀地区各县市播种总面积,以及14类农产品播种面积、产量等数据。研究京津冀地区各农产品的集聚程度、集聚结构稳定性以及集聚的空间分布与转移,为政府因地制宜地制定农业政策,农产品加工企业的选址提供数据支持与参考。［方法］综合运用区位商、基尼系数、产业集中率以及重心分析法,分析京津冀地区农业生产的地理集聚和时空演变特征。［结果］（1）稻谷、大豆、薯类、棉花、果园、水产和禽蛋的集聚度在不断地增强; 小麦、玉米、油料、肉类和林业的集聚度保持相对稳定; 蔬菜和牛奶的集聚度在不断地降低。（2）SQ与Q>1两者总体呈反向变化,即Q>1的值减小,农作物SQ值增加,集聚程度增强;Q>1的值增加,农作物SQ值减小,集聚程度降低。（3）不同行业农产品的集聚度高低为：水产业>林业>畜牧业>经济作物（含蔬菜和果园）>粮食作物,且经济作物和粮食作物的集聚度在不断的增强。（4）各农产品的生产结构稳定性大小排列：玉米>水产>小麦>蔬菜>果园>稻谷>牛奶>大豆>肉类>薯类>油料>林产品>棉花>禽蛋。［结论］京津冀地区农产品集聚度总体在提高,少数农产品的集聚度在降低; 各农产品生产重心总体朝着京津冀外围转移。     

行业标准化对中国进出口贸易的影响研究

以1993~2008年中国钢铁、煤炭、服装、食品加工、家电、机械制造六个行业的行业标准数目为基础,利用面板数据变截据模型分析行业标准化对进出口贸易的总体影响,通过面板数据变系数模型分析行业标准化对其进出口贸易额的影响。结果表明,我国的行业标准化对进出口贸易均存在正面影响,行业标准对钢铁、煤炭行业的进出口及对家电的出口均产生负面影响,对服装、食品加工、机械制造及家电的出口均产生正面影响。     

Using Personal Car Register for Measuring Economic Inequality in Countries with a Large Share of Shadow Economy: Evidence for Latvia

We suggest using information from the state register of personal cars as an alternative indicator of economic inequality in countries with a large share of shadow economy. We illustrate our approach using the Latvian pool of personal cars. Our main finding is that the extent of household economic inequality in Latvia is much larger than officially assumed. According to Eurostat, the officially published estimate of the Gini coefficient for Latvia is 0.374 for 2009, which is much higher than the Gini coefficient value reported for all the 27 EU member countries (0.304), but significantly lower than 0.48 according to our results.     

Twenty Years of Expenditure Inequality in Indonesia, 1993–2013

In this article, we consider the recent increase in inequality in Indonesia. We make new, consistent estimates of expenditure inequality for 1993–2013, using several measures that draw on household expenditure data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) for 1993–2013. In doing so, we note that the central statistics agency, Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), used grouped data for its estimates of inequality until 2009 and that this underestimated inequality up to then. Thus the rise in inequality reported since 2009 actually has a longer history. We argue that Indonesia experienced divergence and convergence at the same time: the magnitude of the rise in inequality was significant (divergence), but the rise was greatest in provinces or districts with low initial levels of inequality (convergence). We consider the literature on drivers of changes in inequality and identify a set of hypotheses, with an empirical basis, which we introduce as potential Indonesian-specific drivers of rising inequality for future exploration.     

A tale of two Ginis in the US, 1921–2012

Following a methodology by Jantzen and Volpert (2012), we use IRS Adjusted Gross Income data for the US (1921–2012) to estimate two Gini indices representing inequality at the bottom and the top of the income distribution, and to calculate the overall Gini as a function of the parameters underlying the two indices. A steady increase in the overall Gini since the Second World War actually hides two different periods of distributional changes. First, the increase in inequality from the mid 1940s to the late 1970s is driven by rising inequality at the bottom of the income distribution that more than offsets a decrease in inequality at the top. The implication is that middle-income earners gained relative to high-incomes, and especially relative to low-income earners. Second, the rise in the Gini after 1981 is driven by rising inequality at the top. Third, top-driven inequality follows a U-shaped trajectory consistent with Piketty and Saez (2003, 2006). Fourth, the welfare effects of the different distributional changes behind increasing inequality can be evaluated in light of the Lorenz-dominance criterion by Atkinson (1970): we argue that the rise in inequality since 1981 is much more likely to be associated with a social welfare loss net of compensating growth.