Older or Wealthier? The Impact of Age Adjustment on Wealth Inequality*

Differences in individual wealth holdings are widely viewed as a driving force of economic inequality. However, as this finding relies on cross‐sectional data, a concern is that older is confused with wealthier. We propose a new method to adjust for age effects in cross‐sections, which eliminates wealth inequality due to age, yet preserves inequality arising from other factors. Using a new cross‐country comparable database, we examine the impact of age adjustments on wealth inequality across countries and over time. We find that the most widely used method yields a substantially different picture of age‐adjusted wealth inequality than our method.     

中国旅游产业发展的不均衡性及其影响因素分解

利用广义熵指数、变异系数、基尼系数对中国旅游业发展的不均衡性进行测度与分解:中国不同省份旅游业发展的不均衡性较大且有进一步扩大趋势,这种不均衡性主要来自于中国旅游业发展的地区之间的差距,而地区内部差距的影响相对较小且在不断下降;入境旅游与国内旅游对旅游产业发展的非均衡性影响分别呈现出递减与递增的变化规律;旅游购物、娱乐、通讯金融服务等收入对中国旅游产业发展的非均衡性的影响十分大,且呈现出大幅度上升趋势,传统的旅游住宿、景点门票与游览、交通收入的影响正好相反。文章为不同省份旅游产业定位与可持续、均衡发展的政策制定提供了理论与实证依据。     

航班流时空分布不均衡程度评价方法

为了量化航班流在空域内时空分布的不均衡程度,通过将广义的均衡性评价工具泰尔指数和基尼系数应用在民航领域的方法研究量化航班流分布的不均衡程度的方法.定义泰尔空间分布不均衡度、基尼空间分布不均衡度、泰尔时间分布不均衡度和基尼时间分布不均衡度4个指标,通过这4个指标来评价航班流的空间分布不均衡程度和时间分布不均衡程度.以国内某飞行情报区为例,计算空域内每个时间片段的泰尔空间分布不均衡度和基尼空间分布不均衡度,计算这两个指标的相关系数为0.9734,结果表明两个指标具有极高相关,判断两种方法得出的评价结果是一致的,并且评价结果与实际情况相符.计算该飞行情报区内每个扇区的泰尔时间分布不均衡度和基尼时间分布不均衡度,得到这两个指标的相关系数为0.8101,结果表明这两个指标高度相关,且两种方法的评价结果与实际情况相符.研究证明可以利用基尼系数和泰尔指数来评价航班流时空分布的不均衡程度.     

中国省域人才资本存量差异分析——来自大学科技园管理机构面板数据的证据

基于中国2008—2019年30个省区市(除西藏外)国家级大学科技园管理机构及在孵企业的从业人员数,采用改进的受教育年限法测算了中国省域大学科技园管理机构人才资本存量.在此基础上,利用Dagum基尼系数和泰尔指数对中国四大经济区域大学科技园管理机构人才资本存量的地区差距进行实证研究.结果发现:在样本考察期内,大学科技园管理机构人才资本存量的年均值呈现出东高西低的特征,而其年均增速则呈现出西高西低的特征;除中部及东北地区外,全国及东部、西部地区省域大学科技园管理机构人才资本存量长期表现为不均衡状态;中国各区域大学科技园管理机构人才资本存量分布差异的泰尔指数均大于零,其反映的各区域人才资本存量分布差异与基尼系数反映的情况有较大差异,且地区内差异始终高于地区间差异.     

Internal Migration Decision and Rural Income Inequality: A Counterfactual-Based Gini Decomposition Analysis

We examine the decision between internal migration and home production for Chinese rural households and its impact on rural income distribution. By constructing counterfactual scenarios under which households are allowed to switch freely between internal migration and home production, we find that the migrant households in the studied region could have earned higher simulated income if they choose to work in local sectors, with potential sample selection bias corrected by the two-step Heckit method. Based on the counterfactual results, we conduct a Gini decomposition analysis and illustrate that rural income inequality would also be reduced if migrants choose to work locally. The findings are compatible with the fact that a nontrivial portion of the internal migration in China tends to be involuntary.     

丝路带西北段区域金融供给与绿色产业发展匹配问题研究

近年来由于环境问题带来的压力，绿色产业的发展越来越受到政府和人民大众的重视。绿色产业在发展的过程中面临各种资金问题，需要金融增加供给并改善供给结构来支持绿色产业的发展。本文探讨了金融供给与绿色产业发展的理论渊源，并选取丝路带西北段区域为研究样本，首先用基尼系数匹配法测算各指标的基尼系数值从而找出该区域金融供给与绿色产业发展匹配中存在的问题，接着运用熵权TOPSI匹配法计算二者匹配度与理想解之间的贴近度，最后得出陕西贴近度最高，金融供给与绿色产业发展匹配度最好的结论，并根据实证结果提出了相应的对策建议。     

Analysis of the spatial mismatch of grain production and farmland resources in China based on the potential crop rotation system

At present, China’s grain production pattern runs counter to the distribution patterns of farmland resources and water-heat conditions. It is urgently important to conduct research on the spatial matching of grain production and farmland resources. Based on the Potential Crop Rotation data, with regards to the situations of irrigation and rain feeding, this paper builds a measuring model of potential farmland, and separately measures the spatial matching index of grain yield with actual and potential farmland resources, thus revealing China’s grain production pattern. The results indicate that serious spatial mismatch exists between grain production and farmland resources in China. Take the potential crop rotation system into consideration, the spatial mismatch of grain yield and potential farmland resources has been aggravated by the grain production barycenter’s shift to the north China, with low Crop Rotation Index. The function-promoting regions of grain production in China are going through two evolution patterns of “northward and southward expansion” and “westward movement and northward expansion,” respectively. Inefficient use of farmland mainly occurs in the fragile ecological environments, such as the farming-pastoral ecotone of Northern China, the northwest area of Xinjiang and the southwest karst landform areas. The inefficient use of and the decreasing amount of available farmland have become the main causes of the decline in grain production. The problems facing Chinese agriculture caused by the spatial mismatch include the imbalance in regional structures, ecological risks, agricultural production risks, and the risk of food price. In order to cope with these problems, this paper provides some advices on protecting farmland acreage, expanding farmland potential, ensuring the safety of water resources, and extending the industrial grain chain. Our paper additionally proposes policy reforms and innovations designed to ensure the implementation of the above measures, so as to commonly defuse China’s food security crisis.     

城际铁路区间通过能力计算方法探讨

针对城际铁路客流具有时段性和周期性的特点,以及对运输质量的要求,在对列车运行图进行结构分析描述的基础上,采用最小列车间隔时间法和低速列车扣除系数法相结合的方法,计算城际铁路区间通过能力。其中,分析了各种速度列车情况下的低速列车扣除系数,并对相关参数进行了说明,阐述了非时段性和高峰小时的区间通过能力计算方法。     

关于财政分配对教育公平基础性作用的实证分析

本文采用1978～2007年的教育统计和财政性教育支出数据,估算了我国的教育基尼系数,并在此基础上对财政分配在教育公平进展中的作用进行了理论和实证分析。本文认为。财政性教育支出总量对改善教育公平程度有显著的正效应;在财政性教育分类支出中,中等教育支出、高等教育支出不利于教育公平程度的改善,基础教育支出则对其有利,这跟我国较低的教育发展水平及长期以来教育资源分配不公平有关。增加财政支出中教育支出份额,对财政性教育支出结构进行合理调整能有效促进我国教育整体水平和公平程度的提升,从而为社会主义和谐社会的构建提供更加坚实的基础。     

Yearly,monthly and weekly seasonality of tourism demand: A decomposition analysis

Annual seasonal variations in tourism demand have been a central theme in literature. However, annual seasonality is not the only time-based inequality in tourism flows that has important implications on policy-making decisions at destinations. Within the context of tourism, this study aims to make an in-depth analysis of intra-monthly and intra-weekly tourism demand using the entropy and relative redundancy measures as alternative seasonality indicators to the Gini coefficient in order to provide new tools to manage tourism and propose new action policies at these frequencies. In comparison with the Gini coefficient, the entropy measure is simpler to compute and it is easily decomposable. Using the case study of air arrivals and departures to and from the Balearic Islands, results show the appropriateness of entropy and relative redundancy as seasonal indicators but also as a new information tools for tourism seasonality analysis.