中国制造业地理集聚的成因与趋势

改革开放以来,中国的制造业空间格局发生了显著的重构。本文基于中国省区尺度的制造业数据,描述了改革开放以来到2008年期间的中国制造业的空间集聚的变化趋势和特征。总体上,现阶段中国的制造业地理集聚程度较高,主要集聚在东部沿海地区。然而中国制造业地理集聚存在显著的产业差异,依赖于特定自然资源投入的产业,地理集聚程度相对较低,而依赖大量中间产品投入的资本技术密集型产业的地理集聚度则较高。劳动密集型产业由于是外资主导并且以出口为主,高度集中在沿海省区。中国的产业集聚变化趋势具有明显的阶段性特征,从上个世纪90年代初开始,产业地理集聚程度上升进入了加速期,地理集聚程度在2004年左右达到顶峰。本文回顾了中国产业地理集聚的理论和实证研究,传统的贸易理论、新经济地理学理论和集聚经济理论是理解中国的产业集聚的重要视角,但中国转型经济的特殊制度环境下,市场化、全球化和地方分权对中国制造业业集聚和分散具有显著影响。随着中国经济转型的深化及其在全球经济体中地位的调整,全球力量与地方力量的相互作用将不断重塑中国的制造业地理格局。     

广西区域经济差距变化与原因研究

本文主要采用基尼指数度量了广西各地区经济差距的状况及变化趋势,分析结果表明广西的地区经济差距在缓慢扩大,但比全国的地区经济差距要小很多。本文进一步用1998～2008年广西各地市多个指标的数据建立面板数据模型进行计量分析,研究结果表明,人均产出增长率与城市化率、投资率和非农产业比重正相关,而与财政支出占GDP的比重负相关,这些因素的综合作用导致了广西区域经济差距的变化。     

Criteria for the Stochastic Ordering of Random Sums,with Actuarial Applications

It is shown that vectors ( S M 1 , … , S Mn ) and ( S' M'1 , …, S' M'n ) of random sums of positive random variables are stochastically ordered by upper orthant dependence, lower orthant dependence, concordance or by the supermodular ordering whenever their corresponding random numbers of terms ( M 1 , … , M n ) and ( M' 1 , … , M' n ) are themselves ordered in this fashion. Actuarial applications of these results are given to different dependence structures for the collective risk model with several classes of business.     

The Inequality of Regional Economic Development in China between 1991 and 2001

This paper measures the unequal development of the regional economies in China and investigates the primary factors leading to the inequality. The official data on China's regional GDP and the regional GDP of three industrial sectors from 1991–2001, as reported in the China Statistical Yearbook and A Statistical Survey of China, are adopted to calculate and decompose the Gini coefficient for each year. The primary finding is that the levels of inequality in China's regional economies clearly showed a slight upward trend after 1991. The inequality of the overall GDP is primarily attributed to the between-group effect rather than to the within-group effect. It is also found that the regional inequality of the secondary industry sector's development accounted for half of the overall inequality. Thus, this study suggests that it is crucial for China to formulate and adhere to policies that will help it to develop the economy more equally among all areas and to develop the secondary industry sector among all regions/provinces in order to overcome the important issue of the inequality in regional economic development.     

收入分配与地下经济的相关关系分析

随着我国改革开放的深入和力度的加强、收入多元化发展 ,在经济发展的同时 ,我国的收入分配差距逐渐扩大 ;同时 ,由计划经济向市场经济的转轨 ,我国地下经济出现了迅猛的增长势头。运用计量经济学中的Granger因果关系检验对两者进行检验 ,证明了我国地下经济和收入分配是互为因果关系的 ,在对两者相关关系的深入分析中找出既能有效遏制地下经济又能减小收入差距的解决办法是当前的重要任务     

中国地区间研发资源错配测算与影响因素分析

随着中国的研发投入总量进入世界第一梯队,研发投入(资源)的配置状况成为决定研发产出效率的关键因素之一。本文基于一个包含研发资源价格扭曲的多部门竞争均衡模型,以2001—2016年各省份规模以上工业企业数据为样本,对中国地区间研发资源错配情况及其影响因素进行全面考察。研究发现:(1)各省份之间的研发劳动错配高于研发资本错配,多数省份倾向于过度配置研发资源,省份之间研发资源配置效率总体上呈逐步改善趋势,纠正错配可以使研发产出提升约16%;(2)东部各省份研发资源配置相对较为合理,但研发劳动配置略有不足,中部、西部和东北各省均存在不同程度的研发资源过度配置现象,东部和西部的研发资源配置效率一直在改善,东北和中部则没有表现出持续的改进态势;(3)市场发育程度、偏向性政策扶持、地区创新环境是研发资源错配的主要影响因素,在研发资源过度配置地区,这些因素的作用更为显著。本文的启示是,在当前全面实施创新驱动发展战略的大背景下,政府相关部门在积极引导全社会加大研发投入力度的同时,还应以市场为导向,进一步优化不同地区间的研发资源配置,实现研发效率的提升和经济的高质量发展。     

江西省教育支出地区差异的度量与分解——基于11个设区市数据的实证分析

采用2003—2011年江西省11个设区市教育投入数据,运用变异系数和Theil系数考察江西省教育支出地区差异的时间演变过程,研究表明:2003—2011年,江西省教育支出设区市间差异逐渐扩大,区域内差异大于区域间差异,教育支出设区市间差异主要是由区域内差异构成;赣北和赣中南两大区域间教育支出的差异较小,但有缓慢扩大的趋势;赣北内部城市教育支出差异明显大于赣中南地区,赣中南地区内部差异有缩小的趋势,而赣北地区内部差异较大,且有进一步扩大趋势。     

经济发展、个人所得税调整与城镇居民收入差距

通过收集中国28个省、市、自治区2003—2012年的面板数据一方面验证库兹涅茨曲线在中国是否成立,另一方面,在库兹涅茨曲线基础之上验证2006年和2011年个人所得税调整对中国城镇居民收入差距的影响。实证研究结果表明,库兹涅茨曲线在中国显著存在,而且当人均实际GDP达到20 000元(2003年不变价格)左右时,中国城镇居民的收入差距随着人均GDP的进一步增加而逐渐下降,与跨国面板的实证结论一致。在该库兹涅茨曲线基础之上2006年个人所得税调整对城镇居民收入差距的影响不显著,而2011年的个人所得税调整则显著地降低了中国城镇居民的收入差距。     

Challenging The Spirit Level: Is There Really a Relationship between Inequality and Obesity?

This paper examines the proposition, set out in The Spirit Level, that inequality is associated with high levels of obesity. It reviews existing literature and uses British Household Panel Survey data to study how district‐level and regional‐level income inequality is related to obesity in the UK. This is likely to be the first study of its type that uses individual‐level data that is representative of the UK population. We find little evidence to support policies that reduce income inequality with the aim of reducing obesity levels in the UK.     

Trends in Total and Subgroup Income Inequality in the Singaporean Workforce

This paper examines the trends in income inequality in Singapore using Labour Force Survey data from 1974 to 1998. Trends in inequality within and between age, educational and occupational groups are studied using the Theil inequality index. A new method based on the Gini coefficient is also utilized to explore the nature of inter-temporal variation in within-group inequality. Any increase within age-group inequality is due to changing income shares, while the decrease in educational-group inequality comes from decreases in within-group inequality. The contribution of intereducation inequality has also increased over the years, as has inter-occupational inequality.