经济发展、个人所得税调整与城镇居民收入差距

通过收集中国28个省、市、自治区2003—2012年的面板数据一方面验证库兹涅茨曲线在中国是否成立,另一方面,在库兹涅茨曲线基础之上验证2006年和2011年个人所得税调整对中国城镇居民收入差距的影响。实证研究结果表明,库兹涅茨曲线在中国显著存在,而且当人均实际GDP达到20 000元(2003年不变价格)左右时,中国城镇居民的收入差距随着人均GDP的进一步增加而逐渐下降,与跨国面板的实证结论一致。在该库兹涅茨曲线基础之上2006年个人所得税调整对城镇居民收入差距的影响不显著,而2011年的个人所得税调整则显著地降低了中国城镇居民的收入差距。     

Challenging The Spirit Level: Is There Really a Relationship between Inequality and Obesity?

This paper examines the proposition, set out in The Spirit Level, that inequality is associated with high levels of obesity. It reviews existing literature and uses British Household Panel Survey data to study how district‐level and regional‐level income inequality is related to obesity in the UK. This is likely to be the first study of its type that uses individual‐level data that is representative of the UK population. We find little evidence to support policies that reduce income inequality with the aim of reducing obesity levels in the UK.     

Trends in Total and Subgroup Income Inequality in the Singaporean Workforce

This paper examines the trends in income inequality in Singapore using Labour Force Survey data from 1974 to 1998. Trends in inequality within and between age, educational and occupational groups are studied using the Theil inequality index. A new method based on the Gini coefficient is also utilized to explore the nature of inter-temporal variation in within-group inequality. Any increase within age-group inequality is due to changing income shares, while the decrease in educational-group inequality comes from decreases in within-group inequality. The contribution of intereducation inequality has also increased over the years, as has inter-occupational inequality.     

Proxy-quality thresholds: Theory and applications

We consider alternative models of a regression containing a proxy for an unobserved regressor. For each model at most two pieces of prior information are necessary to determine the sign of any regressor coefficient: the sign of the partial correlation between the proxy and the unobserved regressor, and a lower bound on the partial or simple correlation between the proxy and the unobserved regressor. We apply our technique to investment and leverage regressions that contain a proxy for the incentive to invest. In both cases proxy quality must be high for the coefficient of interest to be non-zero.     

产学合作对粤港澳大湾区高校双元知识产出增长的影响

利用2011-2020年粤港澳大湾区67所高校纵向数据,采用随机系数模型,考察高校双元活动效率增长趋势、产学合作对高校双元知识产出增长的影响以及制度环境的调节作用。研究结果表明：(1)随着时间推移,粤港澳大湾区高校创新研发与学术研究的双元知识产出整体呈现出显著提升趋势;(2)不同制度环境下高校双元活动产出效率的增长存在明显差异,其中,广东高校创新研发的产出效率增长高于港澳高校,港澳高校学术研究的产出效率增长则高于广东高校;(3)产学合作对粤港澳大湾区高校双元知识产出增长具有显著正向作用,良好的制度环境强化了产学合作对双元知识产出的促进作用,使得产学合作对广东高校双元知识产出的促进作用强于港澳高校。     

中国金融集聚水平的现状与影响因素探析

金融集聚作为产业集聚的一种表现形式,在我国呈现出在曲折中缓慢上升的趋势,而且这种趋势有向东部发达地区延伸的迹象。为验证并进一步探究影响这种趋势的相关因素,一方面,引入空间基尼系数、HI指数和行业集中度三种测度方法,对我国金融集聚的现状作出分析;另一方面,通过回归分析考察我国金融集聚与工业化程度、货币化程度和经济发展水平之间的关系,认为经济的货币化程度和经济发展水平是影响这种集聚趋势的重要因素。     

基于相对剥夺理论的基尼系数子群分解方法研究

度量收入差距最常用的统计指标是基尼系数,但是由于基尼系数在按群组分解时的问题使得应用中受到许多限制,因此本文把相对剥夺理论引入基尼系数的子群分解中,得到了一个新的基尼系数子群分解公式,分解公式使群内差距和群间差距具有相同的形式,而且不仅能够计算高收入子群对低收入子群的相对剥夺,还能计算低收入子群对高收入子群的相对剥夺。并利用天津市2008年城镇居民住户调查数据进行了实证分析。     

影响我国寿险业需求因素的实证分析

本文应用多元回归的方法建立模型,利用1985～2002年的时间序列数据,尝试性地对影响我国寿险业需求的主要因素--国内生产总值、基尼系数、市场化水平、名义利率、通货膨胀率等因素进行实证分析,得出了初步结论.     

Multidimensional generalized Gini indices

Summary. The axioms that characterize the generalized Gini social evaluation orderings for one-dimensional distributions are extended to the multidimensional attributes case. A social evaluation ordering is shown to have a two-stage aggregation representation if these axioms and a separability assumption are satisfied. In the first stage, the distributions of each attribute are aggregated using generalized Gini social evaluation functions. The functional form of the second-stage aggregator depends on the number of attributes and on which version of a comonotonic additivity axiom is used. The implications of these results for the corresponding multidimensional indices of relative and absolute inequality are also considered.Received: 20 August 2003, Revised: 26 May 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: D63. Correspondence to: John A. WeymarkWe are grateful to our referee for his or her comments.     

由个人所得税改革透视国民的纳税意识

随着我国经济的快速发展及普通工薪阶层收入的持续增加，个人所得税在缩减收入差距、调节贫富悬殊、促进社会公平与稳定方面的功能严重弱化，对其进行适度改革显然势在必行。但通过2005年度的个人所得税立法改革，折射出一个严重的现实问题，那就是我国绝大部分国民的纳税意识还比较淡薄。