Applications of calendar instruments in social surveys: a review

Retrospective reports in survey interviews and questionnaires are subject to many types of recall error, which affect completeness, consistency, and dating accuracy. Concerns about this problem have led to the development of so-called calendar instruments, or timeline techniques. These aided recall procedures have been designed to help respondents gain better access to long-term memory by providing a graphical time frame in which life history information can be represented. In order to obtain more insights into the potential benefits of calendar methodology, this paper presents a review of the application of calendar instruments, their design characteristics and effects on data quality. Calendar techniques are currently used in a variety of fields, including life course research, epidemiology and family planning studies. Despite the growing interest in these new methods, their application often lacks sufficient theoretical foundation and little attention has been paid to their effectiveness. Several recent studies however, have demonstrated that in comparison to more traditional survey methods, calendar techniques can improve some aspects of data quality. While calendar instruments have been shown to be potentially beneficial to retrospective data quality, there is an apparent need for methodological research that generates more systematic knowledge about their application in social surveys.     

Measuring residential energy efficiency improvements with DEA

This paper measures energy efficiency improvements of US single-family homes between 1997 and 2001 using a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, an indicator of energy efficiency is derived by means of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and the analogy between the DEA estimator and traditional measures of energy efficiency is demonstrated. The second stage employs a bootstrapped truncated regression technique to decompose the variation in the obtained efficiency estimates into a climatic component and factors attributed to efficiency improvements. Results indicate a small but significant improvement of energy efficiency over the studied time interval, mainly accounted for by fuel oil and natural gas users.     

Production technologies based on combined proportionality assumptions

The assumption of full proportionality is incorporated in the constant returns-to-scale (CRS) technology and allows for proportional scaling of inputs and outputs of production units. The assumption of selective proportionality was recently incorporated in the hybrid returns-to-scale (HRS) technology in which only a subset of outputs is proportional to a subset of inputs. In this paper we develop a production technology that exhibits both the full and selective proportionality at the same time. Real examples of such technology are pointed out. Subject to certain conditions, the DEA models based on this technology provide better discrimination than the CRS and HRS models.

中国地区新型工业化发展模式与路径选择

本文基于生态经济效率视角,选取2005～2006年数据,使用数据包络分析模型和面板数据回归模型,对中国大陆31个省、直辖市和自治区的新型工业发展模式进行实证分析.本文认为,地区工业的生态经济效率是由地区工业的经济效率和生态效率共同构成,并据此划分出各地区在新型工业化发展进程中的4种新型工业发展模式,探讨了生态经济效率与经济效率和生态效率的关系.本文提出了新型工业发展路径的战略选择应符合生态经济效率的二维结构特征,为促进全国各地区工业经济又好又快的发展提出了建议.     

经济发达地区城郊土地非农化的实证分析——以北京市大兴区为例

文章在回顾北京市大兴区土地非农化进程的基础上.利用Panel data建立固定效应模型,对城郊土地非农化进行了实证分析.研究得出:工业化和城市化是推动经济发迭地区域郊土地非农化的主要因素,但城市化水平的提高有利于土地规模经营;外商投资刺激了土地非农化进程,且对土地规模经营具有负面影响;建筑业和房地产行业是土地非农化直接的推动力量;第二产业劳动力增加导致耕地面积减少,但未产生预期的土地规模经营效应;农业经营状况对发迭地区城郊农民的非农化决策产生明显的影响.     

评价与优选线路设计方案的DEA方法

根据数据包络分析方法的特点,提出了运用DEA模型对线路设计方案进行评价与优选,阐述了应用的步骤。通过实例验证了方法的可行性与有效性,并可得出非有效方案的缺陷所在,提出改进措施,为决策者提供更多管理信息。     

基于Oracle Data Guard的容灾策略与实现

本文论述了数据库容灾备份的概念以及Data Guard概述,从Da-ta Guard保护模式、工作原理等方面分析了Oracle Data Guard容灾技术的可用性.讨论了如何利用Data Guard技术来实现数据容灾备份,并给出了详细的实现方法.     

基于流数据挖掘的网络流量异常检测及分析研究

网络流量异常检测及分析是网络及安全管理领域的重要研究内容。本文探讨了网络流量异常的种类、网络流量异常检测的方法,分析了基于传统检测方法在网络流量异常检测应用中存在的问题。并重点对基于流数据模型的网络流量异常检测进行了研究,综述了已有流数据挖掘研究方法在网络流量异常检测中的研究进展。最后,本文对现有研究工作存在的问题及未来的研究方向进行了探讨。     

Directional congestion in the framework of data envelopment analysis

This study first proposes a definition for directional congestion in certain input and output directions within the framework of data envelopment analysis. Second, two methods from different viewpoints are proposed to estimate the directional congestion. Third, we address the relationship between directional congestion and classic (strong or weak) congestion. Finally, we present a case study investigating the analysis performed by the research institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of the methods developed in this study.     

Enhancing Data Science Ethics Through Statistical Education and Practice

As sources of data become more plentiful and massive datasets are easier to acquire, new ethical issues arise involving data quality and privacy, and the analysis, interpretation and dissemination of data‐driven decisions. There are numerous anecdotes involving abuses of complex data analyses and algorithms, and the impact they have had on society. In this paper, we discuss what statisticians can do to help enhance data science ethics in practice and what statistics educators can do to instil sound ethical behaviour in our students. We have opportunities to practice and teach ethical conduct relevant to all stages of the data life cycle. This paper discusses issues impacting ethical data science, with a focus on how statisticians can help raise awareness and encourage implementation of ethical best practices.