北京市能源消费的因素分解分析

本文利用迪氏对数指标分解法(LMDI)对北京市17个行业2005～2009年间的能源消费变动进行因素分解分析.将能源消费增长的总效应分解为3个部分:生产效应、结构效应和强度效应.生产效应是经济增长对能源消费增长的贡献,结构效应反映产业结构调整对能源消费增长的贡献,强度效应是指能源效率提高时能源消费增长的贡献.实证研究结果表明,生产效应是导致北京市能源消费增长的主要因素,结构效应和强度效应则延缓了能源消费总量的增长,但生产效应明显大于结构效应和强度效应之和,因此能源消费在此期间表现为增加.值得注意的是强度效应高于结构效应.     

关于我国碳排放量及影响因素的实证分析

采用加权最小二乘法与向量自回归方法构建了在低碳经济环境下我国碳排放量及其影响因素之间关系的对比性实证分析模型,并进一步利用脉冲响应函数和方差分解探索影响系数大小和时期变化规律。研究表明,一方面,我国碳排放量与其影响因素之间存在一种长期均衡稳定的关系,其中最重要的因素是人均GDP、能源效率和产业结构,其次是人口数量和人均收入;另一方面,通过脉冲响应函数和方差分解得出我国碳排放量对人均GDP、能源效率和产业结构的冲击反应比较敏感,而对人口数量和人均收入水平随时期变化的响应则比较稳定,各变量影响系数在短期和长期存在明显差异。     

高收入国家与中等收入国家的能源密度差异的实证研究

本文依据1990年至2000年间中国和11个OECD国家的14个工业产业的样本数据,运用可乘对数的Divisia指数分解方法,实证分析了这些国家的能源密度变化特性,解释推动能源密度变化的主要因素。实证分析结果显示,所有中等收入国家在这期间都经历GDP的快速增长和能源密度的迅速下降。尽管能源密度降低速度较快,但是从总体水平上看,中等收入国家的能源密度同高收入国家还存在较大的差距。另外,无论是中等收入国家还是高收入国家,纯密度变化都是能源密度降低的最主要原因。而且中等收入国家的能源使用效率的提高与经济开放、工业私有化和市场自由化过程相关。     

A Polarization Index for Overlapping Groups

The well‐known index of income bipolarization proposed by Wolfson (1994) requires two groups to be split according to the median income and, therefore, to be non‐overlapping. The aim of this paper is to propose a new polarization index in the spirit of the Wolfson index. It allows for any possible partition of the population in two or more (also overlapping) groups. The new index maintains the simplicity and immediate comprehension of the Wolfson index, though being much more flexible. An application is then provided for German and Italian income data.     

Analysis of Bitcoin prices using market and sentiment variables

This paper proposes an empirical model for analysing the dynamics of Bitcoin prices. To do this, we consider a vector error correction model over two overlapping periods: 2010–17 and 2010–19. Price discovery is achieved through the Gonzalo–Granger permanent‐transitory decomposition. The pricing factors are endogenous linear combinations of the S&P 500 index, gold price, a Google search variable associated to Bitcoin and a fear index proxied by the FED Financial Stress Index. Our empirical analysis shows that during the first period, a linear combination of four pricing factors describes the efficient Bitcoin price. The S&P 500 index and Google searches have a positive effect whereas gold prices and the fear index have a negative effect. In contrast, during the second period, the efficient price behaves idiosyncratically and can be only rationalised by individuals' search for information on the cryptocurrency. These findings provide empirical evidence on the presence of a correction in Bitcoin prices during the period 2018–19 uncorrelated to market fundamentals. We also show that standard empirical asset pricing models perform poorly for explaining Bitcoin prices.     

一种经验模式分解下的海杂波小目标检测方法

利用海杂波有效探测海上小目标是目前雷达探测领域的热点问题，具有重要的应用价值。鉴于海杂波是一种非线性非平稳性的雷达回波信号，充分发挥整体平均经验模式分解的优势，将海杂波分解为若干个不同尺度的独立分量。通过研究发现有目标时，分解出的前5个分量与未分解前信号的相关系数明显减小，因此提出了一种新的海杂波背景下的目标检测方法。通过实测和模拟的海杂波数据进行训练和测试，研究结果表明，该方法能有效地实现海杂波下目标的探测，性能优于经典时域下、分数阶傅里叶变换域下以及平均经验模式分解后的广义Hurst指数的目标检测方法。     

What is driving increases in dietary quality in the United States?

Over 1994–2010, adult dietary quality in the United States increased by 10 percent. We find a shift in consumption between at-home and away-from-home food played a relatively minor role as compared to changes in demographics and educational attainment. The two largest contributors we identify include an increased usage of nutritional information and a shift away from relying heavily on price, taste, storability and ease of preparation when shopping for food. Our findings suggest nutrition policy discussions could focus on further shifting attitudes/preferences towards healthier diets while allowing consumers to better extract nutrition information when making food choices.     

The Urban–Rural Gap of Chinese Household Finance

Using data from a large household survey, we investigate the size of China’s urban–rural gap in ownership of bank deposits, risky financial assets, and credit cards. We further examine the factors underlying the gap using decomposition analysis. Compared to their urban counterparts, rural Chinese are much less likely to own a variety of financial products. Both demand-side barriers and supply-side barriers to financial inclusion exist in China. More, we use instrumental variable analysis to address the endogeneity of the local supply of financial service. Above all, our study indicates that a large financial services vacuum in rural areas needs to be filled.     

Gender wage gaps and economic crisis in Greece

ABSTRACT

We examine gender wage gap (GWG) in Greece for 2013, by using a survey data set. Our findings show first, that the unadjusted GWG is 15.3%, while European Commission reports a value of 15%. Secondly, we derive the ‘adjusted’ GWG, using the Oaxaca and Ransom (OR) and the Juhn, Murphy and Pierce (JMP) methods to be ranging from 10% to 13.6%. Thirdly, looking into the behaviour of the full population, we find a decreasing trend for the discrimination effects, an increasing trend for the residuals effects and a ‘random’ endowments effects while moving to higher deciles. These three effects are associated to the economic crisis 2008–2015. Fourthly, our findings do not show evidence of either a ‘glass ceiling’ effect or a ‘sticky floor’ effect. Finally, that there is strong evidence that investing in higher education reduces the wage discrimination between sexes.     

ALICE: Composite leading indicators for euro area inflation cycles

This paper develops Area-wide Leading Inflation CyclE (ALICE) indicators with the aim to provide early signals for turning points in the euro area headline and core inflation cycles. The headline (core) ALICE leads the reference cycle by three (four) months and the lead times extend to five (nine) months based on longer-leading series. Both ALICE indicators signalled turning points in the inflation cycles ex post and also performed well in a simulated real-time exercise. Moreover, in particular the headline ALICE also appeared to be useful for quantitative forecasting of the direction and level of inflation.