社会保障制度对财富分配的影响以及在避免贫富差距进一步加大的作用

伴随着经济的增长,贪富差距逐渐加大和财富朝少数人集中是当今社会中出现的一个现象。在本文中,我们基于财富分布是随机性的这个一般性假设,探讨了在经济增长过程中财富分布的最可几状态。通过对财富在随机状态下的分布函数的建立,证明了如果只考虑人均收入时,财富会以负指数函数的方式作为财富分布的最可几态。并且,随着人均财富的增加,贪富差距不仅不能减小,反而还有扩大的趋势,财富会朝着少数人更集中。如果不仅考虑人均收入（算术平均）,还同时考虑几何平均的话。随着经济增长的同时,由于几何平均是不能容许零或负的财富值存在,这正是社会保障系统所起到一个作用。在这种情况下,财富的分布会呈Gamma分布。在Gamma分布中,财富将集中在大多数人中,财富多或财富少的人数在社会总人数中所占的密度较小。     

深圳建设国家金融中心的战略构想

中国的巨大经济规模已对中国发展多层次、多中心的金融市场产生了日益强烈的客观需求,中国金融市场的发展也已具备支撑多个国家级金融中心的能力。深圳作为全国经济中心城市,有条件建设成为国家金融中心,并且能够跟香港、上海、北京等城市并行不悖地发展。     

Online distribution of airline tickets: Should airlines adopt a single or a multi-channel approach?

In today's digital world, airlines typically distribute tickets both via their own websites and through online travel agency (OTA) platforms such as Expedia and Travelocity. Although associated with higher distribution costs, selling tickets through the platforms offers airlines exposure to a broader consumer base, and potentially higher sales than selling tickets solely through their own websites. While most airlines have adopted a multi-channel approach by selling tickets through OTA platforms and their websites, some (e.g., Southwest Airlines, easyJet and Ryanair) sell only via the latter. Is one approach better than the other, and if so, under what circumstances? This study analyzes factors that affect an airline's distribution strategy by developing a decision support model. We find that airlines are less likely to use OTA platforms if they have a large loyal consumer base or if the OTA platform is highly competitive.     

Urban and suburban retail development in Albania's capital after socialism

This article discusses trends in the distribution of retail development in Tirana (the capital of Albania) and its surrounding areas. The story of these trends in Tirana exhibits unique characteristics connected to the city's exceptional population growth and exceptional densification since the end of the communist era in 1990. Tirana provides an example of how a center city can continue to dominate retail commerce when there are very limited restraints on residential and commercial density in the inner city and very limited foreign investment in retail development.     

I Feel Your Pain: The Effect of Regulator as a Minority Shareholder on Merger and Acquisition Performance

We examine the effect of a regulator-led advocate for minority shareholders on merger and acquisition (M&A) performance in China. In recent years, the China Securities Regulatory Commission established the China Securities Investor Services Center (CSISC), which began its ownership of 100 shares of public firms in 2016. The CSISC advocates for the interests of minority shareholders proactively. Focusing on abnormal stock returns in M&A announcements, we find that acquirers that have the CSISC as a shareholder (CSISC acquirers) exhibit higher positive abnormal stock returns than non-CSISC acquirers. Cross-sectional analysis suggests that the core results are mainly driven by firms with severe agency problems and weak external/internal monitoring, and those not controlled by the state. In addition, we find that CSISC acquirers have better long-term performance and encounter more M&A failures than non-CSISC acquirers. Our findings indicate that although the CSISC only holds 100 shares of listed companies, it plays an effective role in monitoring and driving firms to make appropriate M&A decisions.     

关于加快推进上海征信业发展的思考

市场经济的实质是信用经济,伴随着我国经济的高速增长,信用交易的规模与范围也在不断扩大,信用交易的发展要求有更完备、更高程度的信用制度与之相适应。2006年上海人均GDP超过了7000美元。已经进入以信用方式为主的交易阶段,如何加快发展上海的征信体系建设,探索适合上海国际金融中心建设的上海模式已经成为当务之急。     

Continuity Estimates for Ruin Probabilities

A method of continuity analysis of ruin probabilities with respect to variation of parameters governing risk processes is proposed. It is based on the representation of the ruin probability as the stationary probability of a reversed process. We apply Kartashov's technique designed for continuity analysis of stationary distributions of general Markov chains in order to obtain desired continuity estimates. The method is illustrated by the Sparre Andersen and Markov modulated risk models.     

Benefit Incidence of Public Recreation Areas—Have the Winners Taken Almost All?

This study presents a framework for investigating the benefit incidence of provision of public recreation opportunities. The proportion of individuals who use outdoor recreation services increases with income, and frequency of use differs by the users’ gender and life situation (e.g., depending on whether they are students or older citizens). The decomposition of distributive incidence shows that a bias in favor of high-income groups may be accentuated when the perceived value of these services is taken into account in monetary terms. We compare alternative strategies in terms of equity for improving recreation opportunities, e.g., reduced distance to or increased acreage of recreation sites. Our results indicate that although these strategies improve the welfare distribution among the income groups, a considerable proportion of benefits nevertheless accrue to high-income groups.      

我国增值税地方分享部分的区域间分配办法及其改进

1994年分税制财政管理体制改革以来，我国增值税地方分享比例出现了不断下降的趋势。与其他开征增值税、并实行增值税中央与地方分享的OECD国家相比，目前我国地方政府的增值税分享比例并不高。但是，增值税地方分享部分按来源地在各地区间分配的操作办法仍然难以平押地方政府的投资冲动，不利于促进区域间基本公共服务的均等化，也不利于改进政府的执政理念。在仍将增值税地方政府分享部分明确为地方收入的基础上，应改革按来源地在各地区间分配的办法，建立一种综合考虑各相关因素的更为合理的分配策略。     

三峡成库后孤岛时空分布规律及资源特色研究

本文在全面考察三峡成库后孤岛各项实物指标的基础上,针对三峡库区特殊的地理条件和资源环境,分析了三峡成库后孤岛的时空分布规律和资源特色。以期充分利用三峡库区的岛屿资源,进一步推动三峡地区旅游业的发展。