专业化、多样化与产业增长关系——基于中国省级制造业面板数据的实证研究

本文利用中国31个省区169个制造业在1999~2009年的数据,实证分析了专业化、多样化和竞争程度等因素对制造业增长的影响。研究结果表明,在全国样本范围内,专业化(MAR外部性)对制造业增长的影响为负,而多样化的产业环境(Jacobs外部性)和竞争(Porter外部性)有利于制造业的增长。在分地区、分产业和分地区分产业的分析中,专业化和多样化对不同地区和不同类型的制造业增长的影响存在显著差异,但是竞争对制造业的增长始终具有显著正面效应。     

A theory of racial diversity, segregation, and productivity

Empirical evidence illustrates that diversity generates both economic costs and benefits. This paper develops a theoretical model that accounts for the positive and deleterious effects of heterogeneity. First, an expanded Solow Growth Model demonstrates that the direct effects of diversity can be positive or negative, and depend upon the size of fixed parameter values. Second, diversity also influences individuals' location decisions. Segregation (variation of diversity across regions) always reduces national output per worker, so if diversity induces integration, it indirectly augments productivity as well. Finally, political policies aimed at reducing interaction costs across groups may actually reduce aggregate output per worker by encouraging segregation.     

Multicultural managers and competitive advantage: Evidence from elite football teams

Successful organizations have dynamic capabilities that are aligned with their competitive environments. As competitive environments globalize, the dynamic capabilities driven by managers with multicultural backgrounds are increasingly relevant. These managers are more likely to seize cognitively distant opportunities than monocultural managers. Using panel analysis of multilevel data from 355 elite football (soccer) teams, we find support for a moderated relationship among the degree of globalization in the competitive environment, the multicultural background of team managers, and team performance. When the competitive environment is highly global, teams with multicultural managers outperform teams with monocultural managers. When the competitive environment is less global, the reverse is true. The same effect holds when tested both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.     

Gender Diversity Index. Measuring persistence

This paper deals with the analysis of the Gender Diversity Index (GDI), which is an Index developed by Solactive AG and is calculated and distributed by this provider. The index tracks the performance of developed world companies that are successfully working towards gender diversity as part of their CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) strategy, and we measure its degree of persistence by using fractional integration or I(d) techniques. Using daily data from 8 December 2010 until 16 December 2020, the results indicate that the series is highly persistent with an order of integration lower than, though very close to 1. However, an interesting result is obtained by estimating d recursively across subsamples. The differencing parameter moves around 0.92 until 23 March 2020, with the series displaying a very small degree of mean reversion behaviour until that date. After that period, however, we observe an increase in the estimate of d, which stabilizes around 0.97 after 5 May 2020, though now the series presents evidence of a lack of mean reversion, with the shock having a permanent effect on the series. Thus, it seems that the sanitary crisis due to Covid-19 has had a clear effect in the degree of persistence of the GDI data.     

研发国际化与企业创新绩效——吸收能力和地理多样性的调节作用

新兴经济体企业的国际化行为已经成为国际商务领域的研究热点之一,但如中国这样的新兴经济体的跨国企业是否能够通过研发国际化行为提升母公司的创新绩效,现有文献对该问题尚缺乏足够的研究。文章基于2011-2017年间沪深两市310家信息技术业上市跨国企业的年度观察数据,采用泊松面板固定效应模型考察了企业研发国际化与母公司创新绩效之间的关系,并首次从逆向知识转移的视角,探讨了吸收能力和地理多样性对研发国际化和创新绩效两者关系的调节作用。实证结果表明：中国企业的研发国际化显著促进母公司创新绩效的提升;以研发投入强度衡量的企业吸收能力显著正向调节研发国际化和创新绩效之间的关系,而以布劳异质性指数测量的地理多样性则显著负向调节研发国际化和创新绩效的关系。研究结果对中国企业国际化行为具有重要启示。该研究发现意味着中国企业在国际化过程中应该加大海外研发投资力度以提升母公司创新绩效,且为更好地实现外部知识的逆向转移,应同时提高企业总体研发投入强度。但作为新兴经济体企业,不宜在地理分布上实行快速扩张,否则较高的沟通和协调成本将弱化逆向知识转移的程度,而不利于母公司创新绩效的提升。     

风险投资、行业经验与创业企业专利组合策略研究

长期以来,对于风险投资能否促进以及如何促进创业企业创新能力在学术界和实践界存在广泛争议,揭示风险投资对创业企业专利组合策略的影响是解决这一问题的关键,但相关研究比较薄弱。以2009-2014年中小板和创业板上市创业企业为样本,利用倾向得分匹配法（PSM）建立实验组和对照组,采用发明专利技术范围和专利重点衡量专利组合策略,实证检验风险投资对创业企业专利组合策略的影响,并进一步检验风险投资是否通过行业经验发挥作用。结果表明,风险投资能拓宽创业企业的专利技术范围,帮助创业企业形成专利重点,风险投资行业经验是影响创业企业专利技术范围的重要因素,但其并未对专利重点发挥作用。研究结论对优化我国创业企业专利战略具有重要实践意义。     

Race and the development of career interest in accounting

Data from the AICPA (2009b) show that African–Americans comprise only 1% of CPAs and were only 4% of new hires by CPA firms in academic year 2007–2008. The current study uses social cognitive career theory to examine whether this shortage of diversity may be caused by differences between African–American and Caucasian students in factors that lead to career interest in accounting. Students were surveyed on two key personal variables: self-efficacy and outcome expectations. Results suggest that African–American students are more likely than Caucasian students to perceive accounting as providing outcomes that match their values. However, favorable perceptions may be countered by differences in self-efficacy. African–American students value outcomes provided by accounting, but they may have less confidence, compared to Caucasian students, that they can successfully complete the course of action necessary to enter the profession.     

继续推进改革、开放和创新 开创珠三角发展新局面——《珠江三角洲地区改革发展规划纲要》(2008～2020年)之解读

自《珠江三角洲地区改革发展规划纲要》(2008～2020年)发布以来,珠江三角洲地区发展问题成为社会各界热议的焦点。从人文地理学视角,对《纲要》进行深入解读。第一,珠江三角洲地区发展步入深水港时期,机遇和挑战并存,《纲要》对于珠江三角洲地区未来发展是一种及时的强心剂。第二,改革和开放是解决目前珠江三角洲地区面临诸多问题的关键,是开拓珠江三角洲未来的最主要凭借。第三,从珠江三角洲地区产业发展情况看,区域发展观的树立是构建现代产业体系的核心要务。第四,在分析完全市场条件下的经济一体化发展策略利弊基础上,提出政府引导型发展模式。其核心思想在于政府部门要尽力规避完全市场条件下一体化策略的诸多弊端,要把发展权力下放到基层,让其拥有地方发展自主权,以增进地方经济与社会文化的多样性。     

基于产业多样性与主导性协调的产业生态化实证研究

自工业革命以来,随着经济的快速发展,环境逐渐恶化,环境与产业的重重矛盾促使了产业生态理论的诞生。通过对产业生态学概念的文献回顾,指出产业系统类似于自然生态系统,产业多样性与主导性协调是产业生态化的一个重要特征,并以徐州市1995—2009年数据实证分析了产业多样性和主导性以及两者之间的协调。结果表明：徐州主导性产业已经形成,产业多样性先下降后明显提升,但两者之间的协调度变化不大。最后提出了相应的建议。     

科学合理性的建构与解构

科学到底有无合理性是科学哲学的一个核心问题。从古希腊开始,对科学合理性的探讨与争论经历了几种不同的流派,但都只是对科学合理性的一鳞半爪式的理解。这其中的主要原因是以往的探讨都存在着人为上的对科学合理性的分割理解,将本来共处一个整体的合理性分解为对某一合理性层面的解释,这种还原主义最终导致了合理性地位的动摇。从各个流派对科学合理性的不断建构与消解进程中可以看到,作为科学合理性的一体两面的科学工具理性与价值理性应该是更进一步把握合理性问题的努力方向。