中国企业合作研发的现实障碍及对策分析

企业合作研发作为一种新型的创新组织模式,有助于企业打破研究开发环节的资金和技术瓶颈,实现跨边界的资源共享和优势互补,对于促进我国科研体系和产业体系的协同发展,推动企业间创新要素的充分流动和有效整合,提升我国产业的整体创新效率都具有重要的作用。当前企业合作研发的组织模式在国内的发展还不够充分,企业的参与程度普遍偏低,其主要的发展障碍包括研发部门和生产对接不畅,企业自主创新能力薄弱,创新资金和人才投入不足,产业结构相对低端以及知识产权保护不力等现实问题。我国有必要针对这些问题采取措施促进企业合作研发的进一步发展。     

Types of technological scanning in manufacturing SMEs: an empirical analysis of patterns and determinants

As the component of environmental scanning that is concerned with science and technology, products, production processes, hardware and information systems, the concept of technological scanning, especially in small business, has received little empirical attention in the past. This paper aims to better define the different technological scanning practices of small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) and identify the main factors that determine these differences. This is done without relation to organizational effectiveness as technological scanning is but one of many potential influences on business performance. Using data obtained from a mail survey on the scanning practices of 324 SMEs, the study hopes to increase our understanding of how various entrepreneurs confront various environments in practice. The research model used is based on the notion that, to define different technological scanning practices in small business, four aspects must be considered: strategic orientation (objectives pursued); types of information sought (on technologies and their costs, human resources necessary, etc.); sources used (customers, fairs, specialized publications, suppliers, research centres, etc.); and scanning management practices (methods used, staff involved, level of formalization, and integration of activities). These aspects are contingent upon four factors: the managers' profile; their perception of the environment; their firm's characteristics; and their information network. A cluster analysis reveals that the sampled firms can be grouped into four separate categories, according to the intensity of their technological scanning activities and the type of strategy used. In the first category, where scanning is most developed, the SMEs emphasize cost reduction and control, followed by improvements in competitiveness; they seek mainly financial and human resource information, and use their own internal resources to obtain it. A second category, where scanning is least developed, puts the emphasis on increasing production capacity and flexibility; these SMEs seek very diverse information from many sources. Of the two intermediate groups, one aims to diversify and increase the quality of products and services; marketing information is obtained through customers, suppliers and subcontractors. The other, whose scanning is better organized, favours increasing production capacity through innovation and market information with the help of governmental and financial institutions. This research concludes that there is no ‘one best way’ to environmental scanning in manufacturing SMEs, and that it all depends upon the organization, its objectives and its environmental pressures.     

房地产企业资本结构影响因素的实证研究——以大陆在港上市公司为例

房地产业是资金密集型高负债的典型行业,其资本结构的形成有其自有特征。本文首先对影响大陆在港上市的房地产公司资本结构的可能影响因素进行理论分析,然后选取相应样本,运用相关性分析和多元回归分析等方法对其进行实证研究。最后得出盈利能力、成长性、股权集中度等因素能在1%或5%水平上显著影响公司的资本结构,而公司规模、经营能力等因素对资本结构影响不显著的重要结论。     

Understanding how retail environments are perceived: a conceptualization and a pilot study

A conceptual framework for understanding how perceptions of retail environments are formed is developed in this paper. In developing the framework, three main issues receive theoretical attention. First, the problem of conceptualizing retail environments is tackled. Second, the dimensions of environmental perception are discussed from the standpoint of retail arenas. Third, the factors that moderate how different retail environments are perceived are treated producing a few research propositions. The article also reports the findings of a pilot study. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are conducted and they show that the separate perceptual dimensions manifest themselves in distinct ways in different retail environments. Finally, the theoretical and managerial implications are discussed and future research suggestions are spelled out.     

Computer Aided Learning (CAL) and its impact on the performance of non-specialist accounting undergraduates

This study examines the factors affecting students' performance on an introductory UK undergraduate financial accounting course and changes in students' attitudes and perceptions towards Computer Aided Learning (CAL) and accounting. It differs from previous research in that non-specialist accounting students taught using CAL are studied here. Questionnaire data was collected at the beginning and end of the module and is statistically analysed. Multiple regression analysis on student performance shows that age and attitude towards accounting are significant influences, but that attitude towards CAL and students' entry qualifications are not. Students' perceptions of CAL appear to be affected negatively by its use. The study shows that students are significantly more likely to perceive CAL as easy to use, but significantly less likely to view it as flexible, helpful or useful in improving computer literacy. Students' perceptions of accounting as a subject are also negatively affected. They are shown to be significantly less likely to choose to study accounting and significantly more likely to view accounting as a boring subject, following the completion of a CAL course. The negative impact on students' perceptions and attitudes towards CAL and accounting has implications for extending the use of CAL in order to efficiently redirect limited staff resources. However, given that there is no significant effect on performance this may warrant further consideration by higher education institutions.     

我国中小企业发展的制约因素及对策

中小企业是我国经济发展的重要力量，在保证国民经济持续稳定增长、拉动民间投资、带动地区发展、增加就业、实现科技创新与成果转化等方面均发挥着重要作用。但随着我国产业结构的战略性调整和“入世”后的严峻挑战，中小企业发展中的一些问题也日渐暴露出来，制约了企业的发展。本文就目前我国中小企业发展的制约因素进行了分析，从而提出了我国中小企业发展的途径与措施。     

影响县域农村金融稳定的成因分析及措施思考

农村金融是农村经济发展的重要支柱，农村金融稳定直接影响农村产业结构调整和农民增收，关系到国家“三农”政策的落实。当前，随着县域农村经济发展的多元化，影响县域农村金融稳定的不利因素逐渐增加，须采取措施加以解决，以实现农村金融持续稳定地支持农村经济发展。     

基于面板数据模型的商品住宅价格上涨作用机理及实证研究——以西部地区7个中心城市为例

商品住宅价格上涨过快的现象,引起了广泛关注。探寻商品住宅价格上涨的作用机理显得非常重要。利用面板数据模型,对西部7个中心城市2002-2008年的商品住宅平均价格的实证研究表明:西部中心城市商品住宅价格形成过程中,起到显著作用的有城镇居民可支配收入水平、商品住宅竣工面积和国内生产总值三个主要动力因素。     

企业管理创新影响因素与过程机制：研究综述及整合模型

在全球新一轮技术创新和产业变革背景下，企业管理创新能够有效改进组织功能，并充分利用组织资源实现组织目标。当前研究尚未厘清企业管理创新的影响因素与作用机理，对于管理创新过程机制问题尚未达成共识。基于文献研究，通过构建具有内外分层、交互影响特征的企业管理创新影响因素整合模型，以及循环递进的企业管理创新过程机制整合模型解决西方管理理论本土化问题，并通过调动管理创新的积极影响因素降低管理创新失败率，提升理论成果应用的普适性，这也是未来研究方向。     

基于关键性风险因素的中国金融状况指标体系构建研究

文章从系统性风险冲击来源的角度拓展并构建了包含关键性风险因素的FCI，并以FCI作为同步指标构建了金融景气指标体系，包括金融一致指数、金融先行指数以及金融滞后指数，在此基础上对我国金融状况进行了预测分析。结果显示：关键性风险因素中，房价波动风险与银行业不良贷款风险惯性特征明显，但也受其他因素的冲击影响，需对其进行风险监控，去产能风险则受其他因素的影响显著，需辅以经济政策与调控措施来保证产能过剩行业的稳定；2018年中国经济增长面临较大不确定性，尽管中国金融状况长期向好的趋势性特征没有改变，但当前以及未来一段时间内中国均以较高的转移概率处于风险积聚区制，且存在着影响中国金融状况稳定的其他因素，应更多关注系统性风险的防控。